1. Philosophical Approaches
Theory
&
Role Model Metaphors

2. Trait Theory Characteristics
Systematic theory
Authority
Credentials
Induction
Code of Ethics
Compensation
Continuing Professional Development
Community Sanction and Culture
Witter-Merithew, Anna and Johnson, Leilana (2004). “Market Disorder Within the Field of Sign Language Interpreting: Professionalization Implications.” Journal of Interpretation, pp

3. Certain characteristics distinguish a profession from an occupation: Our Role Model Metaphors reflect the perception of professionalism.

4. Role Mode Metaphors Helper Conduit Communication facilitator
Bilingual/bicultural mediator

5. Helper
Primary goal = to provide help to deaf relatives, neighbors, students, congregation
Untrained and often unqualified
Prior to the establishment of RID

6. Conduit
Radical shift from Helper, in an effort to establish a new identify
Interpreter =machine
Sole responsibility = transmit message between people

7. Late 1960s, early 1970s Legislation
11/15/2018
Late 1960s, early 1970s
Legislation
Many short-term interpreter education programs tried to respond to the need
Interpreters denied responsibility for unsuccessful events
Clients saw interpreters as “cold” and self-serving

8. Communication facilitator
Mid 1970s
Interpreters were encouraged to meet with clients ahead of time
Working WITH ‘consumers’ but still lots of RULES
Interpreters not friendly with other interpreters (no Teaming) “Interpreters eat their young.” 
Discuss role and responsibilities, environment, remuneration, etc.
Classes began to include discussion of communication models, public speaking, etc.

9. Bilingual/bicultural mediator
11/15/2018
Bilingual/bicultural mediator
Highest emphasis is on the integrity and accuracy of the interpretation
Requires the practitioner to recognize that language and culture are inseparable
Identify and represent various cultural frames

10. Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf
Code of Professional Conduct
Professionalhttp://
Standard Practice Papers
Papershttp://

11. ASL had become the focus of linguistic research.
The Deaf Community established its own validity and demanded recognition.

12. Clarification of the interpretation task helped us to realize:
the one thing for which we have historically claimed the least responsibility
. . .the interpreted message
. . .is the very thing over which we have the most control
Humphrey, J. H. & Alcorn, B. J. (2007). So you want to be an interpreter?: An introduction to sign language interpreting. Seattle, WA: H & H Publishing Company.

13. NOT either/or - BOTH/AND
11/15/2018
NOT either/or - BOTH/AND
Cochlear Implants
Certified Deaf Interpreters
Audism
Deafhood

14. Control=Responsibility
Demand-Control Theory
Demand-Control Schema
Supervision
Observation/Supervision

15. The Road to Interpreting (Interpreting History in the United States)
Helper
Conduit
Facilitator
Bi - Bi

16. Practice Professional Model
Multidimensional Roles of Interpreting are included in
Practice Professional Model