1. Great Expectations Charles Dickens

2. Background
Charles Dickens (1812–1870) was deeply concerned about the struggles of the poor and mistreated people.
During this period, people who simply could not pay their bills often went to debtors’ prison.
A criminal who was considered dangerous might be sent to what is now Australia to serve time.

3. Background
In Dickens’s time, London was a rich city, but poor people lived in terrible squalor.
Children of those in debtors’ prison often had to support themselves.
A child might work up to sixteen hours a day.
Labor in a factory or work pulling a cart earned only pennies a day.

4. Background
Shortly before his own father was sent to debtors’ prison, twelve-year-old Charles was sent to work at a shoe polish factory.
Dickens’ unfinished autobiography describes the suffering he endured as a child laborer.
He worked long hours in a cramped room infested with rats.

5. Background
The unique history of Australia is tied into the novel, Great Expectations.
In Dickens’ time, British convicts were often punished in a way that might seem “cruel and unusual” by today’s standards.
Convicts thought to pose some threat to society might be shipped off to a distant British territory—what is now Australia.

6. Background
During the time when Australia served as a penal colony for England, prisoners were deposited near what is now Sydney.
Only the strongest and hardest-working people could prosper in the harsh conditions.
Once sent to Australia, a convict was frequently forbidden to ever return to England.

7. Great Expectations
Is it childish to dream about a future completely different from what you expect to happen?

8. The personal growth and development of an orphan named Phillip Pirrip (Pip)
In Great Expectations, Pip is adopted at age two and as he grows, is at first content with his future as a blacksmith’s apprentice.
The blacksmith, his brother-in-law Joe, is much nicer than Pip’s own sister—who has brought him up “by hand.”

9. One day Pip wanders across the marshes to visit his parents’ graves.
But instead, he finds a runaway convict who demands that Pip help him escape from his chains.

10. Although the man is later caught, Pip feels horribly guilty.
He is sure Joe will be disappointed if he finds out what Pip has done.

11. But this frightening episode fades from Pip’s memory when he encounters even more remarkable people.
He is invited to rich Miss Havisham’s house to be a playmate for Estella, the proud girl in her care.

12. Years ago, Miss Havisham’s fiancé stood her up at the altar.
Ever since, she has remained in her wedding dress, let no sunlight into her house, and let the clocks stop. Everything is left just as it was the day of her heartbreak.

13. Pip’s friends all hope that Miss Havisham will “do something” for him—give him money.
However, for Pip, the appeal of Miss Havisham’s house isn’t just the thought of money or the elegant lifestyle - it’s Estella.

14. And then, the unexpected happens!
An anonymous benefactor sends money to pay for Pip’s education in London!

15. Is Miss Havisham giving Pip the money?
Does she hope to make Pip into a gentleman for his own sake?
Or is it for the sake of someone else?

16. jxcg.gdut.edu.cn/cxr/ygwx/Lecture11
Charles Dickens ( )

17. References
PowerPoint adapted using Holt, Rinehart, and Winston and