1. 20th Century Independence & Nationalist Movements In Europe & Asia

2. Agenda
Write down the Red

4. India India gave Great Britain money and troops during WWI.
In return they were suppose to let the colony become independent. 2 sides
Thought that self-rule would lead to destruction.
Nationalist wanted freedom.
Mohandas Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement.

6. Boycott of English goods

7. Mohandas Gandhi Gandhi opposed violence
Urged people to gain independence by nonviolently refusing to cooperate with the government. (Passive Resistance) #81
Boycotting British goods and refusing to pay taxes.
British would massacre the dominant religious group the Hindus. #80 & #82

8. India
How might a nonviolent refusal to cooperate with a ruling government produce victory for nationalists?
In 1935 Great Britain allowed India to elect representatives, but could not control national defense, revenue or foreign policy.
Over time all British colonies would join the British Commonwealth.
Favorable trade agreements
Helped during times of depression

10. China
United States concerned that they would be excluded from Chinese Trade.
1899 Open Door Policy- all nations had the rights to trade with China. #83

11. Boxer Rebellion
A movement that attacked the Chinese Christians and foreign missionaries. #84
Destroyed churches
Railways
Mines
Anything connected to outsiders
Many foreigners fled to embassies in Beijing
U.S., Japan, G.B., France, Germany, Russia
Sent troops to put down rebellion & charged China for their losses in property.

12. Nationalist Movement in China
Qing dynasty would step down after 268 years.
China became a republic
3 principles
Political Unification & end foreign influence
Gradual change to democratic government; full personal liberties and rights for all Chinese people.
Economic improvements that included industrialization and a more equal distribution of land

13. Early Problems
Warlords would assassinate early leaders and become a problem.
China asks world powers for help.
Soviet Union is the only country to help. They sent advisers
Political
Technical
Military

14. Chiang Kai-shek #85
1925 takes over Nationalist, was a military leader.
The government would fail to Institute a land reform.
The poor would be further repressed
Forced out Communist and executed those who would not leave

15. Mao Zedong #87
Those people who escaped the executions moved to southeast China
The Long March- from Jiangxi to Shaanxi, a 6,000 mile trip. 100,000 communist went on this trip.
They were attacked by air & land by the nationalist party.
Many died
Mao Zedong was noticed as a great leader on this year march.

16. Mao Zedong (cont)
He argued that Chinese peasants could provide the best basis for a communist revolution in china. #86
They were the most effected by the Nationalist Government.
The communist movement made people realize that Japan was their real enemy.

17. Japan

18. Questions 88-90 Meiji Restoration Could pick Jobs
Japan wanted Manchuria for it’s natural resources.
Japan extended it’s territory to show the western world it’s naval power.
Meiji Restoration
Could pick Jobs
Put emperor back into power
Could now have an education

19. Africa In The 20th Century

20. What was most of the African Land used for?

21. Independence
#94 African colonies would fight to gain their independence in the second half of the 20th century.
Political challenges.
Ethnic violence.
Environmental problems.

22. Apartheid South African Policy
Tried to keep a strong policy of segregation. #92
English speaking whites dominated the African government.
Africans made up 75% of the population
Owned 13% of the land

30. Why We Learn History
Top photos are Jim Crow Law photos in the US.
To the left is a South African version under the Apartheid.

31. (ANC) African National Conference Fought the policies of the Apartheid
1950’s policies to go against the Apartheid
Protested polices openly
Police would fire and kill them
Peaceful demonstrations
Would have to turn to violence to stop violence
Nelson Mandela would lead protests
Would be jailed
1994 would be elected president 1st native black man elected. #93

32. In Jail for 27 Years

35. Questions
Nelson YouTube clips

36. Learning from the past! Imperialism and the results
The Dominican Republic is more developed because it has more rainfall and has had less political upheaval #95

39. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.