1. Chapter 22.1 - Day 1 Freedom Now!
Civil Rights demonstrators used nonviolence to achieve their goals.
Was this the right choice?
What other alternatives did they have?

2. Nonviolence in Action 1957 After success of Montgomery Bus Boycott
Civil Rights leaders met in Atlanta, GA to discuss future strategy.
Led by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Developed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Alliance of church-based African American groups dedicated to ending discrimination
But how?

3. Gandhi?

4. Nonviolent Resistance
SCLC pledged to use nonviolent resistance
Required that protestors not resort to violence
Even when others attacked them!
What group of people would be crazy enough to do this??

5. Students Lead Protest
1958
African American protesters in Oklahoma and Kansas conducted protests at segregated lunch counters.
Called sit-ins
Protest by sitting down in a location and refusing to leave.

6. April 1950 Over 50,000 students were protesting!

7. Sit-Ins in Action

8. Sit Ins in Action

9. Student Protesters Organize
Student leaders founded the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Association of student activists from throughout the South.
Both black and white!

10. The Protest Spreads!
Success of student sit-ins inspired the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Northern based civil rights group wanting to show how Northerners supported Civil Rights!

11. CORE plans Freedom Rides
Summer of 1960
Northern Civil Rights activists planned bus trips through South to spread word of racial equality!
Called Freedom Rides
What could possibly go wrong?

12. Anniston, Alabama Just across the Alabama state line

13. Freedom Riders not allowed medical care!

14. Freedom Rides Roll On To Birmingham, Alabama

15. Freedom Riders Arrested!

16. JFK frees the Freedom Riders! Sends in federal marshals!