1. Goals to Accomplish Today 5.16.12
Properties of Acids and Bases
(A) pg. 74 and 75

2. PROPERTIES BASES ACIDS electrolytes sour taste bitter taste
turn litmus red
turn litmus blue
react with metals to form H2 gas
slippery to the touch
ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda
vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits
ChemASAP

3. Strong or Weak Acids Strong Acids Weak Acids
Ionize completely in a solvent (chemical structure falls apart into ions completely)
Strong electrolytes
Examples:
HCl
HBr HI
H2SO4
Does not ionize completely in a solvent
Weak electrolytes
Examples:
CH3COOH
H3PO4

4. Strong or Weak Bases Strong Base Weak Base
Completely ionizes (chemically falls apart) in a solvent
Examples
NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
DOES NOT completely ionize in a solvent
Examples
NH3
Na2CO3
K2CO3

5. Strong vs. Weak Acid
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 508

6. Common Acids Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 Nitric Acid HNO3
Phosphoric Acid H3PO4
Hydrochloric Acid HCl
Acetic Acid CH3COOH
Carbonic Acid H2CO3
Battery acid
Used to make fertilizers
and explosives
Food flavoring
Stomach acid
Vinegar
Carbonated water

7. Common Bases Name Formula Common Name
Sodium hydroxide NaOH lye or caustic soda
Potassium hydroxide KOH lye or caustic potash
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 milk of magnesia
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 slaked lime
Ammonia water NH3 household ammonia

8. Acid – Base Systems Type Acid Base Arrhenius H+ or H3O + producer
OH - producer
Brønsted-
Lowry
Proton (H +) donor
Proton (H +) acceptor
“Svante Arrhenius ( ), a Swedish scientist, won the 1903 Nobel Prize for his work on ionization. He introduced the idea of compounds dissociating, or splitting, into their constituent ions in solution. He explained how the strength of acids in aquos (water) solution depend on its concentration of hydrogen ions.”
- Eyewitness Science “Chemistry” , Dr. Ann Newmark, DK Publishing, Inc., 1993, pg 43
Svante A. Arrhenius,
Johannes N. Bronsted,
Thomas M. Lowry,
Gilbert N. Lewis,