1. Rehabilitation Careers
Range of Motion

2. Standard
10. Investigate the basic principles of kinesiology and relate in an informational paper, brochure, or presentation the connection to disease/disorder prevention. Address at minimum: movements of joints and bones, planes, directional terms, body motions, motions between joint articular surfaces, mechanisms of joints and biomechanical levers.

3. Bell Work
What is the horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and a bottom half?
Body parts close to a point of reference?
Body parts close to the midsagittal plane are called?
Body parts on the front of the body?
Body parts on the back of the body?

4. Bell Work - Answers 1. Transverse 2. Proximal 3. Medial 4. Anterior
5. Posterior

5. Range of Motion (ROM) definition:
exercising joints through the available motion to maintain available range and flexibility of joint structures

6. Purpose of ROM maintain joint movement and integrity
prevent deterioration of joint structures, ankylosis and contractures

7. Indications for ROM patients on prolonged bed rest
prevention of contracture
stimulates circulation

8. Types of ROM active (AROM) performed by patient
patient moves the joints through available ROM
maintains muscle strength and joint mobility

9. Types of ROM active assistive (AAROM)
performed by patient with assistance from another person or mechanical device
patient uses stronger limb to move or support weaker limb
practitioner completes movement through full available ROM

10. Types of ROM passive (PROM)
performed for patient by healthcare worker or caregiver
moves all muscle groups within each plane over each joint
does not maintain muscle strength
maintains joint flexibility & integrity

11. Types of ROM stretching forcing movement beyond the available ROM
contraindicated for most healthcare personnel

12. Principles of ROM Check doctor’s orders
Know the patient diagnosis and rationale for ROM
Explain the procedure to the patient

13. Principles of ROM use good body mechanics expose limb being exercised
support body part proximal to joint
use slow smooth rhythmic motion

14. Key Factors for ROM start ROM exercises on the unaffected side
start each movement in neutral position
use a firm comfortable grip while maintaining support of the extremity
avoid forcing beyond range
avoid overexerting patient
avoid skin friction
exercise just below point of pain, NOT beyond

15. Key Factors for ROM
if rigidity occurs slightly decrease ROM until it subsides
stop if spastic contraction occurs
talk to patient to help them relax
expect heart rate and respirations to rise
exercise 2-3x’s daily, 5-10 movements(see physician’s or Physical Therapist orders)
document procedure & patient reaction

16. Basic Terminology - ROM
Flexion
to bend a joint
Extension
to straighten a joint

17. Joint Movement Terms FLEXION vs. EXTENSION hyperextend flexion flexion
dorsiflexion
plantar
flexion
neutral
Unit III

18. Example of Flexion
Knee flexion
bend

19. Example of Flexion
Toes flexion
bend

20. Example of Flexion
Elbow flexion
bend

21. Example of Extension
Knee extension
straight

22. Example of Extension
Head & Neck extension
straight

23. Basic Terminology - ROM
Abduction
move away from midline of body
Adduction
move toward midline of body

24. Joint Movement Terms
ABDUCT vs. ADDUCT
Unit III

25. Example of Abduction
Hip abduction
away from midline of body

26. Example of Adduction
Toes adduction
toward midline

27. Example of Horizontal Adduction
Shoulder horizontal adduction
toward body in transverse plane

28. Basic Terminology - ROM
Rotation
internal (medial)
pivoting inward along an axis
external (lateral)
pivoting outward along an axis

29. Rotation
Rotation of the neck or body is the twisting movement produced by the summation of the small rotational movements available between adjacent vertebrae
Unit III

30. Examples of Rotation Head and Neck rotation turning part on its axis
Left
Right

31. Example of Rotation
Hip internal rotation
pivoting inward

32. Circumduction
is the movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle
Unit III

33. ROTATION vs. CIRCUMDUCTION
Joint Movement Terms
ROTATION vs. CIRCUMDUCTION
pivot
circle
Unit III

34. Basic Terminology - ROM
Supination
rotate forearm, palm up
Pronation
rotate forearm, palm down
Opposition
oppose thumb tip to base of little finger (may be done to each individual finger tip)

35. PRONATION vs. SUPINATION
Joint Movement Terms
PRONATION vs. SUPINATION
place on
front
place on
back
Unit III

36. Example of Supination
Forearm supination
rotate forearm, palm up

37. Example of Pronation
Forearm pronation
rotate forearm, palm down

38. Basic Terminology - ROM
Eversion
sole of foot turned outward at the ankle
Inversion
sole of foot turned inward at the ankle
Dorsiflexion
an upward or backward motion of the ankle towards the hips
Plantar Flexion
a toe down motion of the foot at the ankle

39. Joint Movement Terms INVERSION vs. EVERSION turn inward or medially
turn outward or laterally
Unit III

40. Example of Eversion Ankle eversion
sole of foot turned outward at the ankle

41. Example of Inversion Ankle inversion
sole of foot turned inward at the ankle

42. Example of Dorsiflexion
Ankle dorsiflexion
an upward or backward motion of the ankle toward the hips

43. Example of Plantar Flexion
Ankle plantar flexion
a toe down motion of the foot at the ankle

44. Example of Opposition Thumb opposition
oppose thumb tip base of little finger or to finger tip of each individual finger

45. Bell Work 3-16-18 Turning the palm up would be called?
Bending a body part/decreasing angle is called?
Moving a body part away from the midline is called?
Touching each of the fingers with the tip of the thumb is called?
Straightening the foot away from the Knee would be?

46. Bell Work Answers
Supine
Flexion
Abduction
Opposition
Plantar Flextion

47. Standard
10. Investigate the basic principles of kinesiology and relate in an informational paper, brochure, or presentation the connection to disease/disorder prevention. Address at minimum: movements of joints and bones, planes, directional terms, body motions, motions between joint articular surfaces, mechanisms of joints and biomechanical levers.

48. Levers Defined as a rigid bar that turns about an axis of rotation
Four parts to a lever:
Fulcrum - joints
Bar – bone
Effort - Muscles
Load - Muscles

49. Levers
Bones, ligaments, and muscles are the structures that form levers in the body to create human movement.
In simple terms, a joint (where two or more bones join together) forms the axis (or fulcrum)
muscles crossing the joint apply the force to move a weight or resistance.

50. Levers
Anatomical levers can not be changed, but they can be used more efficiently to maximize efforts
1st Class Levers- The axis (A) is placed between the force (F) and the resistance (R) (see-saw)
2nd Class Levers- The R is between the A and F (wheelbarrow)
3rd Class Levers- The F is between the A and R (broom)

53. Examples of Levers
First class: The axis (A) is placed between the force (F) and the resistance (R) (see-saw)
The weight (resistance) is the head, the axis is the joint, and the muscular action (force) come from any of the posterior muscles attaching to the skull, such as the trapezius.

54. Examples of Levers
2nd Class Levers- The R is between the A and F (wheelbarrow)
Lower leg when someone stands on tiptoes
The axis is formed by the metatarsophalangeal joints, the resistance is the weight of the body, and the force is applied to the calcaneus bone (heel) by the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles through the Achilles tendon.

55. Examples of Levers
3rd Class Levers- The F is between the A and R (broom)
The joint is the axis (fulcrum). The resistance (weight) is the forearm, wrist, and hand. The force is the biceps muscle when the elbow is flexed.

56. Video

57. ROM Lab