1. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 1December 4, 2004 Technology, the Internet and the Demand for NANP Numbers J. Scott Marcus Senior Advisor for Internet Technology Office of Strategic Planning and Policy Analysis, FCC The opinions expressed are my own, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FCC or any of its commissioners.

2. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 2December 4, 2004 Technology, the Internet and the Demand for NANP Numbers n Factors that might decrease demand for numbers n Factors that might increase demand for numbers n The transition to the brave new world

3. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 3December 4, 2004 Factors That Might Decrease Demand n Huge interest in Voice over IP (VoIP) u Conventional phone numbers? u Use of SIP addresses? n What is a phone call? u VoIP -> Everything over IP u Telephone -> intelligent device n Decreasing relevance of geography to numbers. n Short messages (SMS)

4. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 4December 4, 2004 Factors That Might Increase Demand n A multiplicity of services. u Wired, wireless, Internet, … u Substitution of calls, but not of services. n ENUM – a mapping from telephone numbers to electronic services u Associates a subscribers phone number with a ranked list of Internet-based services that can be used to reach him/her. u ENUM requires no changes to the North American Numbering Plan, nor to international E.164 numbering.

5. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 5December 4, 2004 How Does ENUM Work? n The design of ENUM is based on the Internets Domain Name System (DNS). www.fcc.govwww.amazon.comwww.harvard.edu n Instead of.com or.gov, ENUM uses.e164.arpa n The DNS works from right (most significant) to left (least significant), unlike phone numbers. n Consequently, ENUM entries look like this: 1.1.6.0.8.1.4.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa to represent (202) 418-0611

6. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 6December 4, 2004 ENUM and Numbering u ENUM uses existing NANP numbers. It does not necessarily imply any change at all to the rate of number exhaustion. u The mapping from phone numbers to individuals is not one-to-one in either direction. F Wireline – call a PLACE F Wireless – call an INDIVIDUAL u Will people simply use phone numbers that they already have? u Will people demand new individual numbers?

7. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 7December 4, 2004 In the Long Run n Will phone numbers become less important over time? n Or will they simply take on a somewhat different meaning?

8. North American Numbering Council (NANC) - J. Scott MarcusSlide 8December 4, 2004 The transition to the brave new world n In what time frame do the factors that might decrease the emphasis on numbers operate? n In what time frame do the factors that might increase the emphasis on numbers operate? n What are the impacts on numbering as we migrate from the old world to the new?