1. Solar City: Effect of Solar Technologies on Network Performance
Solar energy technology: impact on electricity networks tool
Load flow tool
Load models
ICUE: Estimates solar yield
GIS application
Database & application – network & consumers
Loads for 3 phases
(active & reactive)
Network description
Network voltages & currents

2. Solar City Domestic Load Model
Apply one-minute duty cycle
Assign level, duration & frequency of demand
Assign demand to appliance owners, based on no. of occupants, etc.
Adjusted by annual peak (year on year trend)
Annual trend for each half-hour (for given tariff, weekday, etc)
Calculation process for end-use 1

3. Typical Results (Domestic Lighting)
Measured Modelled
Normalised Demand
1.0
Half-hour daily profile (average dwelling)
0.9
Demand (kW)
1-min. daily profile (single dwelling)
0:00
Time of day
23:59