1. Primate Notes
Chapter 16.1

2. Primate notes outline Primate: Humans: Features Examples:
Opposable thumb
Binocular vision
Large brain
Flexible joints
Feet
Fingernails

3. Primates
Primates—Group of mammals that includes lemurs, monkeys, apes and humans.
Most primates are arboreal, meaning they live in trees, and have several adaptations that help them survive there.

4. Characteristics of Primates
All primates share 6 characteristics
A. Opposable thumbs
B.Vision
C. Brain volume
D. Arm movement
E. Flexible joints
G. Fingernails
F. Feet

5. Characteristics of Primates
Opposable thumbs—Thumb sticks out at 90o angle, allows better grasping and manipulating objects.

6. Characteristics of Primates
Binocular vision—Both eyes on front of head, allows for depth perception and gauging distance.

7. Characteristics of Primates
Large brain volume—Allows for advanced and complex behaviors

8. Characteristics of Primates
Flexible shoulder, wrist, and elbow joints—allows for arm movements in many different directions

9. Characteristics of Primates
Feet—Some primate feet can grasp objects

10. Characteristics of Primates
Fingernails—all primates have fingernails instead of claws

11. Types of Primates Primate Ancestors Haplorhines Strepsirrhines
Anthropoids
Hominoids
Hominids
Old World monkeys
Tarsiers
New World monkeys
African apes
Lorises, Pottos and Galagos
Gibbons
Lemurs
Orangutans
Humans

12. Human evolution
Differ from other primates because stand upright and are bipedal
Larger brain= language, symbolic thought, artistic expression, etc.
Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, etc. all went extinct, Homo neanderthalensis most recent
Oldest Homo sapiens fossils found in Ethiopia
Recent examples: lactose tolerance higher in societies where they herd milk producing animals (ex. Saudi arabia, Europe) due to different copies of genes

13. Baboons

14. Tarsier

15. Lemur

16. Aye-Aye

17. Gibbon

18. Orangutan

19. Gorilla

20. Chimpanzee