1. Circulatory System Blood

2. Blood & blood cells Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells
____________________
liquid part of blood
dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more
_______________________
transport O2 in hemoglobin
defense & immunity
blood clotting
Dissolved in the plasma are a variety of ions, sometimes referred to as blood electrolytes,
These are important in maintaining osmotic balance of the blood and help buffer the blood.
Also, proper functioning of muscles and nerves depends on the concentrations of key ions in the interstitial fluid, which reflects concentrations in the plasma.

3. Blood Cell production ______________
ribs, vertebrae, breastbone & pelvis
______________
____________________________________________________
develop into all the different types of blood cells
red blood cells
white blood cells
white blood cells
white blood cells
Recently, researchers succeeded in isolating pluripotent stem cells and growing these cells in laboratory cultures. Purified pluripotent stem cells may soon provide an effective treatment for a number of human diseases, including leukemia. A person with leukemia has a cancerous line of the stem cells that produce leukocytes. The cancerous stem cells crowd out cells that make erythrocytes and produce an unusually high number of leukocytes, many of which are abnormal. One experimental treatment for leukemia involves removing pluripotent stem cells from a patient, destroying the bone marrow, and restocking it with noncancerous stem cells. As few as 30 of these cells can completely repopulate the bone marrow.
red blood cells

4. Red blood cells Small round cells ___________________________
5 liters of blood in body
5-6 million RBC in drop of human blood
______________________________
~3 million RBC destroyed each second
Enucleated RBC
The nucleus is squeezed out of the cell and is ingested by the macrophage.
Cellular Life Expectancy
Red blood cells usually circulate for only about 3 to 4 months and are then destroyed by phagocytic cells in liver & spleen.
Enzymes digest the old cell’s macromolecules, and the monomers are recycled.
Many of the iron atoms derived from hemoglobin in old red blood cells are built into new hemoglobin molecules. But some are reused in digestive bile.
As adults, we make more than 2 million red blood cells in our bone marrow every second to replace those lost through normal attrition.

5. Hemoglobin _________________________________
250,000 hemoglobin proteins in one red blood cell O2 O2 O2 O2

6. emergency repair of circulatory system
Blood clotting
chemical emergency signals
platelets seal the hole
protein fibers build the clot
Inherited defect in any step of the clotting process causes hemophilia, characterized by excessive bleeding from even minor cuts & bruises

7. Cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis
___________________________________________
develop in inner wall of the arteries, narrowing their channel
___________________________________________ ___________________________________________
normal artery
hardening of arteries

8. Cardiovascular health
bypass surgery
Risk Factors
_____________________
high animal fat
smoking
lack of exercise

9. Heart Disease
Heart disease death rates Adults ages 35 and older

10. Women & Heart Disease Risk factors
Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002
Risk factors
Smoking
Lack of exercise
High fat diet
Overweight
Heart disease is 3rd leading cause of death among women aged 25–44 years & 2nd leading cause of death among women aged 45–64 years.

11. Have a heart? Ask Questions!!