1. Classification: Four Criteria to Distinguish Among Kingdoms

2. Bell Ringer Answer these questions: What variable is on the x-axis?
Silently write the learning targets at the top of the page
LEARNING TARGET: Learn how to classify organisms and how to distinguish between scientific kingdoms
Answer these questions:
What variable is on the x-axis?
What variable is on the y-axis?
Which pH are the bacteria best adapted to?

3. Agenda Bell Ringer (5 minutes) Turn and Talk (5 minutes)
Class Discussion(15 minutes)
Notebook Output (5 minutes)
Group Work (35 minutes)
Independent Practice (15 minutes)
Exit Quiz (10 minutes)

4. Norms for Today
TALK to each other about our science content today! I should hear everyone’s voices
You know we talk that science talk, science talk

5. Turn and Talk
Scientists have discovered a new organism deep in the ocean. The new organism is very odd and needs to be classified in order to better understand it. The organism is unicellular and eukaryotic, it does not have a cell wall, and it feeds on other organisms. Based on this description of the organism, which kingdom do you think it belongs in?
Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Eubacteria Archaebacteria

6. Four Criteria for Classification
Classification is a work in progress
There are four criteria we use to classify organisms

7. Cell Type: prokaryote or eukaryote
Cell Structure: cell wall and organelles
Number of Cells: multicellular or unicellular
Mode of Nutrition: heterotroph or autotroph

8. Student, what do you notice is similar about the first 3 criteria?
Student, why do you think characteristics of an organisms cells are used to classify them?
Student, can you unpack what Student said?
Student, can you either defend or challenge what Student said?

9. Student, how can you tell if something is a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
Student, can you support what Student said?
Student, can you link what Joel said to the endosymbiotic theory that we learned about in evolution?
Student, can you predict what kinds of organisms are prokaryotes?
Student, can you predict what kinds of organisms are eukaryotes?

10. *******Paste or staple the table below in your notebook****
Domain
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Do they have a nucleus in their cells or not?
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Do they make their own food, or are they consumers?
Either heterotroph OR autotroph
Heterotroph
OR autotrophs
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Are their bodies made of 1 cell or many cells?
Unicellular
Most are unicellular
(Can be both)
Most are Multicellular
Multicellular
Are there any other special characteristics about them?
Asexual reproduction
Live in extreme environments (salt lakes, hot springs, animal guts)
Asexual and sexual reproduction
Live in aquatic or moist habitats
Most are terrestrial
Sexual reproduction
Both terrestrial and aquatic habitats
Do they have a cell wall?
Present
Without peptidoglycan
Contains peptidoglycan
Absent
Cell Wall contains Chitin
Cell Wall contains Cellulose
Rank them in the order that they evolved on Earth 1 2 3 4 5 6
Examples
Bacteria, cyanobacteria
Methanogens, extreme thermophilas, extreme halophiles
Algae, protozoa
Mushrooms, yeasts, bread molds
Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants
Humans, lobster, worms, tigers, starfish
Image

11. Notice the questions on the side, these are questions to ask yourself when you have to identify an organism

12. Classification Example
Go through questions in table and write answers on white board to show thinking: Nucleus=eukaryotic; Consumer=not a plant, Multicellular, No cell walls=not a protist or fungus; giraffe=animal
Let’s classify a giraffe. Here is a picture of a giraffe cell. Does it have a nucleus? Yes! That means it’s prokaryotic? No, eukaryotic. Which kingdoms could it NOT be in that case? Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Does a giraffe make its own food or is it a consumer? It’s a consumer. So we know it must not be in the kingdom Plantae. Is a giraffe’s body made of one cell? No! It has many cells, so it’s multicellular. Do giraffe cells have cell walls? No, so they can’t be a fungus or protist. This means, giraffes must be animals! This is the thinking process that you need to use as you are classifying organisms.

13. Classification Example
Thermoplasma volcanium
Cell walls do not have peptidoglycan
No nucleus=prokaryotic; one cell=unicellular; cell walls without peptidoglycan= archaebacteria

14. Notebook Output
Scientists have discovered a new organism deep in the ocean. The new organism is very odd and needs to be classified in order to better understand it. The organism is unicellular and eukaryotic, and it feeds on other organisms. Based on this description of the organism, which kingdom do you think it belongs in?
Explain how you would classify this organism. Write at least four sentences in which you explain your thinking process.
Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Eubacteria Archaebacteria

15. Group Work
Work with your group to learn and prepare to teach your assigned kingdom using a whiteboard
This will be a teach-off competition!!!!
Your grade will depend on how well your classmates do on their independent practice!
Use scholar voices and TALK TO EACH OTHER!
Work with urgency- you have 20 minutes to prepare
During this time, Ms. Mahoney will call you up to ask for your , go quickly when she calls your name

16. Group Work Presentation Guidelines
Tell us which kingdom
Answer the four criteria questions
Give examples, include at least one drawing
Come up with a way to help us remember your kingdom! (For example, to remember endosymbiotic theory, I teach people to think of pac man)

17. Presentation Norms Listen respectfully to other groups Ask questions
Presenters: speak clearly in presentation voices

18. Independent Practice 15 minutes -SILENTLY and INDEPENDENTLY
-Each answer is worth 1 point;
We will correct our work in class

19. HOMEWORK
-Exit quiz handout
-DUE NEXT CLASS