1. NUTRITION
Lecture V
Nutrition (nourishment) is the provision, to cells and organisms, of the materials necessary (in the form of food) to support life.

2. Food Choices Personal preference Habit Ethnic heritage or tradition
Social Interactions
Availability, convenience
Advertising:
Economy: They are within your means.
Emotional comfort:
They can make you feel better for a while.
Body weight and image:

3. Positive or negative associations:
Positive: They are eaten by people you admire or they
indicate status, or they remind you of fun.
Negative They were forced on you or you became ill
while eating them.

4. Nutrients in Food

5. Energy Yielding Nutrients

6. Non Nutrients in Food

7. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
A daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.
Used to determine nutrient adequacy to reduce risk of chronic disease or other disorders.
Used to calculate RDA’s.

8. DRI’s consist of four values
Estimated average requirements
Recommended dietary allowances
Adequate intakes
Tolerable upper limits

9. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

10. Adequate Intake (AI)
The average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally-determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate.

11. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases.

12. Energy Recommendations

13. Nutrient Recommendations
Estimates of energy and nutrient intakes apply to
healthy people
Recommendations are NOT minimum requirements
Recommendations are NOT optimal for all people
Recommendations should be met by consuming a
varied diet
Recommendations apply to average daily intakes
Each DRI category serves a unique purpose

14. A nutritious diet has FIVE characteristics
Adequacy:
foods provide enough of each nutrient, fibre and energy
Balance:
not choosing one food/nutrient over another
Calorie control:
eating enough to maintain a healthy weight
Moderation: foods high in fat, salt, or sugar can be eaten as part of a healthy diet if not eaten to excess.
Variety: necessary in order to get all the nutrients one requires.

15. How do we determine what we should eat?
Government agencies provide us with nutrition recommendations and guideline.
Recommendations based on scientific research
These recommendations are translated into food groups and serving sizes of foods

16. Other foods

17. Food Labels

18. Who Speaks on Nutrition?
Main Sources of nutrition information:
Product Labels
Radio/TV
Friends/relatives/ Colleagues
Magazines
Physicians
Dietitian/Nutritionist
Internet

19. Fads, Frauds and Quackery
Food Faddism is defined as the adoption of an unusual pattern of food behavior, that promotes short-term weight loss, usually with no concern for long-term weight maintenance (Fad Diets)
Cabbage soup diet
Grapefruit diet (Hollywood Diet)

20. Quackery
Is the promotion for profit of a medical scheme or remedy that is unproven or known to be false

21. Who Falls Victim to Quackery
People who are:
Unsuspecting, if it appear in the media, its TRUE
Believe in Magic, i.e., believe there is an easy solution
Desperate, i.e. those with serious health problems
Alienated, i.e. have a deep distrust of governments,
medical profession, food companies, etc.