1. Cardiovascular System
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2. Cardiovascular System I
Functions
Transport
Protection
Regulation
Composition
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
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3. Cardiovascular System II
Blood
Red Blood Cells
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Contains the protein hemoglobin
White Blood Cells
Protect the body from foreign microbes and toxins
Platelets
Fragments that are responsible for clotting the blood
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5. Cardiovascular System III
Plasma (55%)
Liquid portion of the blood
90% water
8% protein
Waste products
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Hormones
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7. Circulatory Pathway 1 Arteries Capillaries Veins
Thick-walled blood vessels that contain muscle tissue
Muscles contract in a rhythm (pulse)
Carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels whose cell walls are only one cell thickness
Place where the exchanges take place
Veins
Thin-walled blood vessels that lack muscular tissues
Contain valves that prevent the backflow of blood
Carry blood toward the heart
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8. Circulatory Pathway II
Heart
Muscle located in an area between the lungs
Divided into four parts
2 atriums
Receive blood into the heart
2 ventricles
Pump blood from the heart
Valves
In place to prevent the back flow of blood
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9.
Pig Heart
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10.
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11.
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14. Pulmonary Veins/Arteries
Pulmonary Arteries
Are the only arteries to transport de-oxygenated blood from the heart {going towards the lungs}
Pulmonary Veins
Are the only veins to transport oxygenated blood towards the heart {coming from the lungs}
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15. Circulatory Pathway III
Inferior & Superior Vena Cavas
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Carry blood towards the lungs
Lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Carry blood from the lungs
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aorta
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
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17. Blood Pressure
Occurs from the pumping action of heart and contractions of the muscular artery walls
Systolic Pressure
Registered when the ventricles contract
Diastolic Pressure
Registered when the ventricles relax
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18. The Immune System
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20. Viruses
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21. Bacteria
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22. The Immune System Defense Systems Non-Specific Specific
Defense is a rapid response to a wide range of pathogens
Specific
Takes several days to mount
Delivered by the Immune System
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23. The Immune System Non-Specific Barriers
The Skin
Mucous Membranes
Cilia
Lines the lungs
Gastric Juice
In the stomach
Kills most microbes
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24. The Immune System II Non-Specific Defenses
Second Line of Defense
Inflammatory Response
Redness; swelling; heat; pain
White Blood Cells
Phagocytes
Natural Killer Cells
Fever
A total body response to an infection
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25. The Immune System III Third Line of Defense
Consists of mechanisms and agents that target specific antigens
Antigen
A foreign macromolecule that DOES NOT belong in the host organism
Antibodies
Proteins that bind to antigens
Found on B Cells
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26. Respiratory System
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27. Respiratory System I Deliver air to the lungs Breathing
Inspiration
Expiration
External Respiration
Gas exchange between lungs and blood
Gas Transport
Carried out by the cardiovascular system
Internal Respiration
Gas exchange between the blood and “body cells.”
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28. Respiratory System Function To deliver air to the lungs.
Oxygen in the air diffuses out of the lungs and into the blood
Carbon Dioxide diffuses out of the blood and into the lungs
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29. Respiration Four Processes
Breathing
Inspiration (Inhaling of air)
Expiration (Exhaling of air)
External Respiration
Process of gas exchange between the lungs and blood
Gas Transport
Carried out by the cardiovascular system (Distribution of oxygen, and collection of carbon dioxide, throughout the body)
Internal Respiration
Process of gas exchange between blood and other body cells
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31. Parts of the Respiratory System
Nose
Nostrils
Hair Mucus
Pharynx
Throat
Tonsils located in this region
Larynx
Contains the epiglottis
Flap responsible for preventing food from entering lungs
Adam’s Apple
Protects the larynx
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32. Parts Continued Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli (Sacs)
The windpipe
Contains globlet cells that produce mucus
Bronchi
Two tubes that branch from trachea to left and right lungs
Bronchioles
Alveoli (Sacs)
Where the gas exchange occurs in the lungs.
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33. Other Information Lungs
Pair of cone-shaped bodies that occupy the thorax
Contain the alveoli
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34. Gas Exchange
The differences in pressure, outside the lungs in comparison to inside the lungs, assist with the diffusion process
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35. Lung Volumes and Capacities
Revisit V
Tidal Volume
About 500 ml
Amount of air inspired during normal breathing
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
About 3100 ml
Additional amount of air that can be forced inhaled after normal inspiration
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36. Lung Volumes Expiratory Reserve Volume Residual Volume About 1200 ml
Additional amount of air that can be force exhaled after expiration of normal volume
Residual Volume
Volume of air still remaining in the lungs after expiratory reserve volume is exhaled
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37. In Class Laboratory Lung Capacity
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