1. From muang to Arayaprathet
History of Thailand
From muang to Arayaprathet

2. “Muang” the unit of Thai polity
Fortified settlement on valuable land
Land and population
Sacred feature

3. Arrival of Universal Religion
Animism
Hinduism
Buddhism

4. Trade route

5. Srivijaya
Chaiya
Control peninsula trade
Mahayana Buddhism

6. Dvaravati
Nakorn Pathom
Hinnayana Buddhism
Central Thailand

7. Angkorean Empire Lawo-Lopburi, Phimai Hinduism-Mahayana Buddhism
Central-Lower NE Thailand

8. Tai Century (C.13) New generation of states in 4 areas
Lanna (Chiang Mai-Lamphun)
Lanchang (Vientiane)
Muang Nua (Sukhothai-Si Satchanalai-Phitsanolok)
Delta (Suphanburi-Petchaburi-Lopburi-Ayutthaya)

9. Material Culture Irrigation System Architecture Sangkalok (Porcelain)
Thai Alphabets

10. Patron-Clients Relationship
Overlord and subordinate
Vessel states-Tributary Relations
Mandala
Sakdina system

11. Relationship with Chinese World
Becoming Tributary state in exchange with prestige, recognition,
and access to market

12. Contestation in C.14-15
Ayutthaya expansion north to capture Sukhothai and Chiangmai
Trade brought wealth and military advantage to Ayutthaya
War and marriage links led to Ayutthaya Hegemony

13. Asian Entrepot Ayutthaya Control trans-peninsula route
Center if exotic and forest goods from China-India-Arabia and Malay world
Golden Age in C. 16

14. Competition from its neighbours
Pegu on Burma Delta
Lovek-Udong in Cambodia
Pegu take Ayutthaya in the war of 1559

15. K. Naresuan Reestablished Ayutthaya’s power in Chao Phraya Basin
By early c.17, warfare reach the point of stalemate
Cities invested in brick wall and defensive cannon
A secession of sieges failed

16. Balance of Power in C. 17
Ayutthaya spread its influence to interior states of Khmer, Lao, Lanna and Shan.
Balance against Burma, Vietnam, and China

17. Age of Commerce Ayutthaya become a trade hub in SEA
Perhaps the largest and most cosmopolitan city in SEA
Settlements of Chinese, Viet, Cham, Mon, Portuguese, Arab, Indian, Persian, Japanese, Malay, Dutch, French and English

18. K. Narai and the crisis of 1688
Foreigner play a great role in Ayutthaya society as mercenaries, engineers, doctors and governors
Exchange of embassies and new knowledge with French, Netherlands and Persia
Allow Freedom of religion
Phaulkon and court crisis in 1688

19. Change in Late Ayutthaya Society (C.18)
Trade began to shake old social order
Nai and Phrai relationship in decline
Growth of a trading economy, market economy expand
Trade with Europe decline while trade with Qing China and Malay world expand
Decline of Military ethics
Great Nobles try to become Phra Khlang (Trade Minister) to accumulate wealth and prestige
Aristocrats challenge the absolute power of the King

20. The Fall of Ayutthaya Ava and Ayutthaya as rival capitals
Competition to control peninsula
After almost 2 years seize, Ayutthaya sacked by Burmese troops from Ava in 1767

21. Thonburi K. Taksin, repopulate Delta area in 1782
New capital at Thonburi, opposite Chinese town at Bangkok
Revive economy with Chinese connection and migrants
The coup by Phraya Chakri against “abnormal” rule of Taksin

22. Bangkok Empire New capital at Bangkok built as “new Ayutthaya”
Territorial expansion to Kedah and Trengganu, Chiang mai, Vientiane, Lovek
Resettlement people around the delta to help built Bangkok
Redirect trade of forest products to Bangkok

23. Trade route to the East
No trans-peninsula, now Trade with China (Rice Trade)
Bangkok had large Chinese population in Samphaeng Area
Early industry (Sugar, distillery, sawmill, boatyard, tobacco)
Chaosua dominate market economy (rubber, pepper, tin)
Influence of Chinese Art

24. Return of Farang New technology and threat of Colonisation
“There will be no more wars with Vietnam and Burma. We will have them only with the West”

25. Idea of Progress and Civilisation
Civilized-Siwilai
Polygamy and Monogamy
Discussion on Religion and Reason

26. Bowring Treaty British Demand “Free Trade”
Chinese Trade disrupted after Opium War
John Bowring, negotiate treaty in 1855 that reorient Siam away from China toward to the West
Treaty abolish remnants of royal monopolies ,equalized the dues on western and Chinese shipping, give extraterritorial rights to UK citizen

27. Chulalongkorn reign
A period of great transformation for Thailand
Modernisation along Western model