1. National 5
Reproduction
Mr G Davidson

2. Sexual Reproduction (Animals)
Reproduction is the process used to produce new members of a species.
Sexual reproduction involves the meeting of 2 sex cells called GAMETES.
These gametes are haploid.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

3. Sexual Reproduction (Animals)
The male gamete is called the sperm.
The testes are where the sperm are made.
The female gamete is called the egg.
The ovaries are where the eggs are made.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

4. Human Male Reproductive System
Sperm duct
Seminal vesicles
Penis
Prostate gland
Urethra
Testis
Scrotum
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

5. Human Female Reproductive System
Oviduct
Ovary
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

6. Fertilisation The ovary releases an egg in a process called ovulation.
The oviduct has small hairs called cilia which beat rhythmically moving the egg towards the uterus.
During copulation, sperm are released and they swim up through the uterus towards the egg in the oviduct.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

7. Fertilisation Fertilisation is when one sperm fuses with one egg.
The sperm loses its tail and the male nucleus joins the female nucleus.
A membrane called the FERTILISATION MEMBRANE then forms round the fertilised egg, preventing other sperms from entering.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

8. Fertilisation The resulting fertilised egg is called a zygote.
Since the egg was haploid and the sperm was also haploid, the resulting zygote is now said to be diploid.
It now contains all the genetic information to develop into a new individual.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

9. Fertilisation
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

10. Sexual Reproduction (Plants)
The sexual organs of plants are called flowers.
Inside the flower there are the male and female organs.
The male organs are called the stamens, which consist of an anther sitting on top of a filament.
The anthers are responsible for making the pollen grains which contain the male gamete.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

11. Sexual Reproduction petal stigma anther style filament ovary sepal
stem
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

12. Sexual Reproduction (Plants)
The female gametes are found in the ovule.
The ovules are made in the ovaries.
In the case of some flowers, they will have nectaries and bright petals to attract insects into the flower.
In other flowers pollen may be transferred by the wind or water.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

13. Sexual Reproduction (Plants)
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant.
There are basically 2 types of pollination:
Self pollination which means the pollen fertilises the ovules of the same plant.
Cross pollination which means the pollen is transferred to another plant.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

14. Sexual Reproduction (Plants)
When the pollen grain lands on the stigma, the stigma produces a sugar solution.
The pollen grain uses this sugar as an energy source to produce a pollen tube.
This pollen tube then grows down through the style towards the ovary.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

15. Pollen Tube
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson

16. Sexual Reproduction (Plants)
When the tube reaches the ovule the male gamete can enter and fuse with the female gamete.
The 2 haploid gametes now become a diploid zygote.
The zygote develops into the seed which will then grow into a new plant.
The ovary wall will develop into the fruit.
Thursday, November 15, 2018
Mr G Davidson