1. REPRODUCTION SEXUAL ASEXUAL
Sex cells from a male and female parent will fuse.
The organism inherits characteristics from both parents
ASEXUAL
One organism makes a copy (clone) of itself.
The new organism will be genetically identical to the parent.

2. Sexual or Asexual?

3. Sexual reproduction
A mobile male gamete (e.g. sperm) fusing with a stationary female gamete (e.g. egg)

4. Comparison between sex cells
Sperm
Egg (Ovum)
Size
Small
Large
Movement
Can move by themselves
Immobile
Number
Many
Few
Foodstore No
Yes

5. Pollination POLLINATION
When a pollen grain from an anther is transferred to a stigma
Self pollination
Pollen transferred to the stigma of the same flower.
Cross pollination
Pollen transferred to a different flower by an agent
Insect pollination
Wind pollination

6. Flower structure
Wind pollinated Insect pollinated

7. Let’s look at this in more detail…
Produces pollen Pollen lands here Attracts insects Where ova are made Produces nectar Protects the developing flower

8. Insect pollinated flower Wind pollinated flower
Flower features
Feature
Insect pollinated flower
Wind pollinated flower
Appearance
Large bright flowers with nectar and scent.
Flower is small with no bright colour, scent or nectar
Anthers
Inside flower so when an insect enters pollen is brushed onto its body.
Anthers hang out of flower so pollen is blown away
Pollen grains
Sticky and rough so they stay attached to the insect’s body
Pollen grains light in weight and have smooth coat to be carried easily and not stick together.
Amount of pollen
Small amount of pollen produced
as insects will land on other flowers so pollen will be transferred
Large number of pollen grains produced as there is more chance of fertilisation.
Stigma
Sticky end will allow pollen grain to be attracted and will be transferred
Stigma hang out of flower and have a structure which is feathery to trap pollen blowing past.

9. Advantages and Disadvantages of pollination methods
WIND POLLINATION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
No need to make petals or nectar which saves energy
Less likely the pollen will meet a suitable stigma
Large amount of pollen needed
INSECT POLLINATION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Very likely that an insect will pollinate a plant
Little pollen needs to be made
Petals have to be grown- uses energy and resources
Nectar has to be made- uses energy and resources

10. Pollen Tube Formation Pollen Stigma Male Nucleus Style Pollen Tube
Ovule
Ovary
Female nucleus

11. Pollen
Stigma
Style
Pollen Tube
Ovule
Ovary
Female nucleus

12. Pollen
Stigma
Male
Nucleus
Style
Pollen Tube
Ovule
Ovary
Female nucleus

13. Fertilisation
Pollen Tube
Female Nucleus
Male Nucleus
Ovule

14. Fertilisation Pollen Tube Ovule
The gametes fuse together to form a Zygote

15. Fertilisation
When the male gamete and the female gamete join together, a single cell is produced called a ZYGOTE
This process is called FERTILSATION
In plants, the flower is the site where all this takes place
It is known as SEXUAL REPODUCTION as it involves male and female gametes

16. Structure of a seed The plumule2.
The plumule
Develops into the first leaves and stem
The radicle
Develops into the first root
The cotyledon
A starch store to give the growing plant energy
The testa
Also called the seed coat, it protects the seed against infection by bacteria or fungi.

17. Seeds with ‘parachutes
Seed dispersal
Wind dispersal
Seeds with ‘wings’
e.g. Sycamore
Seeds with ‘parachutes
e.g. Dandelion
Animal dispersal
Internal
e.g. Strawberry
External
e.g. Burdock

18. Germination It is when the seed begins to grow
To germinate the plant requires:
Oxygen (respiration)
Suitable temperature
Water

19. Bibliography http://pixabay.com/en/spring-bee-fertilize-sexual-20019/
By Jackhynes at en.wikipedia [Public domain or Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons
Brocken Inaglory [GFDL ( or CC-BY-SA ( via Wikimedia Commons
Fertilisation See page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Accessed: 14th June 2013
Flower diagrams: Flowers.gif Accessed: 14th June 2014
Germination: Germination-dicot.jog Accessed 14th June 2014
Sycamore: By lofaesofa (flickr.com) [CC-BY-2.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons Accessed: 14th June 2014
Dandelion: By Alex Valavanis (Flickr) [CC-BY-SA-2.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons Accessed 14th June 2014
Burdock: By Zephyris (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 ( or GFDL ( via Wikimedia Commons Accessed: 14th June 2014