1. English 3 January 30, 2018 Ms. Batchelor
Please take out your notes, and something to write with.
Put away iPads and phones—you do not need them for class.

2. When you let an English teacher go to London
Shakespeare
When you let an English teacher go to London

3. What do you already know??

4. Life & Times
Born in the spring of 1564; baptized April 26th in Stratford-upon-Avon.
Died in 1616 in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he is buried in the same church where he was baptized.
Married Anne Hathaway in 1582, and had three children: Susannah, Hamnet, and Judith.
“The Lost Years”:
Poetry: plague outbreak in 1592 closes playhouses through 1594; Shakespeare takes to writing poetry (sonnets!) with his free time.
Founded the Lord Chamberlain’s Men in 1594, and built the Globe Theater in 1597.
Royal patrons: Elizabeth I and James I, both of whom are interested in the progress of English drama; Shakespeare’s company performed privately for Elizabeth’s court on at least four separate occasions.

5. Shakespeare’s birthplace Stratford-upon-Avon

6. Plays & Sonnets
37 plays, 154 sonnets (that we know of – no original manuscripts exist)
17 comedies
10 histories
10 tragedies
Modeled much of his work on that of his (initially) more successful contemporary, Christopher Marlowe
Eighteen plays originally preserved as “quartos,” or pamphlets, printed copies made during his lifetime (beginning 1594)
1623: The First Folio published, a collection of 36 of Shakespeare’s plays compiled by his friends and acting company
Includes the first known portrait of Shakespeare, engraved posthumously.

7. 1601—Twelfth Night

8. Intermission of Twelfth Night—July 2017 Globe Theatre London

9. Couldn’t take Pics during the performance 
What would the audience members who had to stand be called??

10. Set up of the Globe

11. Style
Sonnets
Each of the 154 sonnets is written in iambic pentameter, a rhyme scheme in which each line contains ten syllables.
Most sonnets have fourteen lines; only three do not (Sonnets 99, 126, and 145)
Each syllable is divided into five pairs = pentameter (meter of five)
One iamb = one stressed, followed by one unstressed, syllable (good BYE)
ba BOOM / ba BOOM / ba BOOM / ba BOOM / ba BOOM
Sonnet 18: Shall I / com PARE / thee TO / a SUM / mer’s DAY?
Thou ART / more LOVE / ly AND / more TEM /per ATE.
Plays
Also written in iambic pentameter, BUT:
The lines are unrhymed and do not group into stanzas = blank verse
Many plays also contain prose passages (vulgar characters or lengthy speeches)
Some plays contain trochaic tetrameter (the Witches’ speech in Macbeth)

12. Twelfth Night
Twelfth Night or What You Will is an interesting blend of the sadness of separation between brother and sister, romance as each of them falls in love, comedy filled with mostly gentle sarcasm and irony, and a bang-up happy ending for the brother and sister.
In between there is the intriguing complexity of mistaken identities, plots to fool foolish characters, and a couple of pompous characters who get what they deserve.
Twelfth Night was the end of the Christmas holidays in England during Shakespeare’s time. The last day of the holidays was known also as a separate festival of its own, called Epiphany, which means “to appear.”
Epiphany also was a time of great festivity, with the emphasis on the fun and confusion when the normal order of things is turned upside down. So, many directors come to the conclusion that the play is probably set in the wintertime, at the end of series of holidays, just before normal day-to-day life must resume.

14. Twelfth Night teaser

15. Characters
Orsino, Duke of Illyria: Loves Olivia; loved by Viola; groom-to-be of Viola (at the end of the play)
Lady Olivia: A rich countess; loved one of the Duke; loves Viola (as Cesario); bride-to-be of Sebastian (at the end of the play)
Viola: Twin sister of Sebastian; Cesario; page to Lady Olivia; loves the Duke; bride-to-be of the Duke (at the end of the play)
Sebastian: Twin brother of Viola; Roderigo; one who is confused with his twin sister (as Cesario); groom-to-be of Olivia
(at the end of the play)
Sir Toby Belch: Olivia’s uncle; a drunkard; co-conspirator with Sir Andrew, Feste, and Maria
Sir Andrew Auguecheek: Suitor for Olivia’s hand in marriage; a foolish man; co-conspirator with Sir Toby, Maria, and Feste
Feste: Clown; co-conspirator with Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Maria; occasional commentator on what is happening
Malvolio: Olivia’s steward (Manager of Estate); a vain and pompous man; object of the conspiracy to humiliate him
Maria: Servant of Olivia; co-conspirator with Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Feste
Antonio: Sea captain; friend to Sebastian; old enemy of the Duke
Sea Captain: Friend of Viola
Valentine and Curio: Aristocrats in Olivia’s court
Fabian: An aristocrat in the Duke’s court

16. Homework
Vocabulary
Bring Norton Anthology B to class