1. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS Bangladesh Experience
LIZEN SHAH NAYEEM
Deputy Director
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
Statistics & Informatics Division
Ministry of Planning

2. Map of Bangladesh Independence: 1971 Area: 147,570 km²
Population: million (2011)
Population density: 1015 (2011)
Population growth rate: 1.37

3. Presentation Outline Resume of Census in Bangladesh Census Process
Technology Used
New Features in the Census
Population Trends
Evaluation of Census Data in National Planning and Policy Making
International Recognition
Lessons learned
The Way Forward

4. Resume of Census in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) is mandated to conduct the population and housing census
Census history in this territory
Pre-independence:
Post-independence:
Last Census: March 15-19, 2011
1961
1951
1941
1931
1921
1911
1901
1891
1881
1872
2011
2001
1991
1981
1974

5. The 5th Population and Housing Census of Bangladesh
Objectives:
To develop benchmark database on population and housing characteristics of the country for preparation of development plans and programmes;
To develop sampling frame for conducting relevant socio-economic surveys;
To provide data for area delimitation and updating of electoral rolls of all national and local level elections
Implementing Agency:
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the National Statistical Organization (NSO), is responsible for undertaking all censuses of the country
Financial and Technical Assistance:
Government of Bangladesh
Development Partners
European Union (EU)
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
US Census Bureau

6. Census Act and Different Body
The Census Order 1972 (President’s Order No. 70 of 1972);
National Statistical Council (NSC)* headed by Planning Minister
Steering Committee headed by the Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division
Technical Committee headed by the Director General, BBS
Technical Advisory Committee headed by renowned statistician
Working Committee headed by the Project Director
* After the enactment of Statistics Act, 2013 NSC was abolished

7. Census Phases Main census Phase 1
Post Enumeration Check (PEC) by an independent agency
Phase 3
Sample Census (long questionnaire)

8. Method of Enumeration
Modified De-Facto method of enumeration was followed:
House to house interview method;
Floating Population are enumerated at census night;
According to modified De-facto method, all the persons were enumerated in place where he stayed in the census night except those who were on board or on duty. The persons who were on board and on duty were enumerated in their unusual residence;
De-Jure method of enumeration was followed in the sample census;
People on duty and on board were counted at their usual residences.

9. Census Reference Period
Zero hour
Census moment
Zero hour to 6 am
Census night
---- to ---- Month 2020
Census period

10. Stage 1: Major Pre-census Activities
Updating of Enumeration Area (EA), Supervisor maps and Geo-codes
Consultation with stakeholders and formation of census committees
Designing and pre-testing of questionnaire, verbatim training manual and printing
Pilot Census for verifying overall preparation for the census
Recruitment of enumerators & supervisors and conduct training using audio-visual devices
Preparation of publicity materials and actuation of publicity
Impart training to the District Census Coordinators and Zonal Officers
Packing of census materials and distribution thereof

11. Maps using during Census administration
Mauza Map (Base Map)
Two types of control map in enumeration
Supervisor Area Map

12. Census Publicity

13. Questionnaire Generally used questions in the census questionnaire
Household and housing module:
Type of household, number of houses, tenancy of the house, source of drinking water, toilet facilities and electricity connection
Individual module:
Age, sex, marital status, religion, educational status, field of education, literacy, activity status, field of employment
Ethnicity and Disability (including autism) are the new variables included in the questionnaire

14. Local Level Census Committee as a part of Whole of the govt. approach
City Corporation Census Committee
Ward census committee (For city corporation)
District Census Committee
Municipality Census Committee
Upazila Census Committee
Union Census Committee
Functions of the Committee
Administrative support
Implementation, Monitoring and Supervision
Support to publicity

15. Manpower Engaged in the Census Operation
Designation during census operation
Number
Chief Census Coordinator 1
National Census coordinator/ Census Commissioner
Deputy National Census Coordinators 2
District Census Coordinators
---
Upazila / Thana Census Coordinators
Zonal Officers
----
Supervisors
-----
Enumerators
------

16. Stage 2 : During Census Activities
No. of days
Duration
Training for Master Trainers at BBS HQs
---
Training for Zonal Officers at District HQs
Holding Census Committee Meeting at Different Levels
Training for Enumerators and Supervisors (--- batches)
Main Count
-----

17. Census Data Being Collected from the Honourable President
Census Data Being Collected from the Honourable Prime Minister
Field Data Collection of Census

18. Quality Control Close Supervision:
i. One supervisor for every 5-6 enumerators
ii. One Zonal Officer for 2 Unions/Wards
iii. One UCC for each Upazila
iv. One DCC for each District or part of a big one
Independent Check by observer group
Use of digital map
Active participation of local census committees
Recruitment of increased number of female enumerators
Shape

19. Stage 3 : Post Census Activities
Storing and making inventory
Data capture using ICR technology
On screen data editing
Preparation of preliminary report
Analysis of data and preparation of community, district series reports
Preparation of National Reports
Development of a census database
Conduct Post Enumeration Check (PEC) Survey
Conduct Sample Census

20. Post Enumeration Check (PEC)
Post enumeration check was conducted independently under control and supervision of Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) during April, 2011.
PEC was conducted in 282 Census Enumeration Areas out of 2,96,718 of which 140 were in the rural areas, 60 were in the municipal areas, 60 in the city corporations,20 in the other urban areas;
The PEC was conducted in April,2011 about one month after the census
Both the coverage and content errors were determined judiciously
Adjustment was made to the census data as per standard procedure
BIDS ranked 36th Position in the world in research

21. Sample Census
A large scale sample census consisting of 10 Modules with 81 Questions was conducted during October 15-25,
The Census covered 6,720 Enumeration Areas (EA) (Rural , Urban 687)
From each EA 25 households were selected (Total HH 1,68,000: Rural 136,425, Urban 17,175)
Sample Census covered household and housing characteristics, demographic characteristics, economic activities, nuptiality, fertility, mortality and migration.

22. Dissemination of Report
Census results are disseminated through:
Printed reports- preliminary, national and community
Electronic Form- CD and DVD
Wide dissemination- (BBS website-
Seminar, Workshop and Press Conference
Policy Brief

23. Publication of Reports
Sl. No.
Reports 1
Preliminary report 2
Post Enumeration Check report 3
National series (analytical)
Volume I 4
National series (union)
Volume II 5
Urban area report
Volume III 6
Socioeconomic & Demographic report
Volume IV 7
Administrative report
Volume V 8
District census report
64 volumes 9
Community report 10
Monograph Series 11
In depth Analysis

24. Glimpses of Some Important Census Outputs

25. Data was captured by ICR technology using iCADE software
Technology Used
Data was captured by ICR technology using iCADE software
CSPro was used for data analysis
Data capturing process and iCADE Software is supported by US Census Bureau

26. New Features in the Census 2011
Introduced digital map
Ensured total involvement of field administration
Maximized the number of female enumerators
Provided ‘Training Manual’ and ‘Enumeration Area’ map to all the enumerators and supervisors
Imparted training with audio-visual device at all level
Used ICR questionnaire

27. Population trend of Bangladesh, 1974 – 2011
(Population in thousands)
Variable
1974
1981
1991
2001
2011
Both Sex
76,398
89,912
111,455
130,522
149,772
Male
46,295
57,314
67,731
74,980
Female
43,617
54,141
62,791
74,792
Growth Rate
2.35
2.17
1.59
1.37
Population Density (Per square Kilometre)
609
755
884
1015

28. Census data are used in Use of Census Data
preparation of poverty maps combined with HIES data using Small Area Estimation Technique
area delimitation and updating electoral rolls
preparation of the Five Year Plans of the Country
population projection
small area atlas
policy formulation and programme intervention

29. International Recognition
The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) recognized the Bangladesh Population and Housing Census as showcase census
ESCAP also recognized Bangladesh Population and Housing Census as good practice in the region

30. Challenges Selection of proper enumerators and supervisors
Participation of stakeholders and mass people
Access to hard to reach areas like haors and hill areas etc.
Managing five thousand kilometer boarders and enumeration of adjacent population
Counting of floating population
Counting of population in reserve and restricted areas
Adaption of new technologies in data collection and processing
Recognition of handwriting
Huge data conversion and management

31. Lessons Learned
Consistent and uniform audio visual training improves quality of census data
Wide publicity improves both coverage and quality of data
Local level committees were found very effective in motivating people
Female enumerators were found to be more sincere
Digital colour maps were effective for better delineation of EA boundaries
Technology transfer was not made

32. Recommendations Household listing should be done prior to census
In house capacity of BBS should be strengthened for in-depth analysis of census data.
A Publication Calendar for census reports should be prepared during census planning and followed accordingly
Allocating more time for census training at all levels

33. Thank You