1. Bell Ringer
Explain the reasoning by Pres. Truman for using the atomic bombs on Japan.

2. World War II on the Home Front
How the United States supported the war

3. Recovery Need for country to industrialize & militarize
War goods production increased
Employment rates go up
As men volunteer for the military, opportunities for others increase

4. The War Effort Citizens bought war bonds to support the war effort
War Bonds: Sold by the government to pay for war industries

6. What are those posters designed to do
What are those posters designed to do? What specific emotions do they touch on?

7. War Industry Production shifted from consumer goods to war goods
What are consumer goods? (Make a list)
What are war goods? (Make a list)

8. Rationing Many goods were rationed
Done to concentrate resources for the war effort
Gasoline, rubber, milk, sugar, meat, silk, shoes

9. Women in the Workforce Many men enlisted in the military
Women fill new jobs created by the war
a. <<Rosie the Riveter
Factories (planes, guns, tanks, cars)

10. Minorities in the Workforce
Many African Americans filled production openings
Had a harder time finding jobs than women

11. War in Arizona

12. Contributions Navajo Code Talkers Ira Hayes Mining Training Bases
POW & Internment Camps

13. Mining Copper mining thrived Need metal for war effort
Transformed central AZ and Phoenix

14. Training Bases Used desert to train troops for North Africa
Most bases located in southern part of state
Main mobilization training camp: Fort Huachuca

16. Prisoner of War Camps
Italian and German POW camps located around state
Papago Park POW Camp held an estimated 1700 – 5000 prisoners
Dec. 23, 1944: 25 prisoners escape into the desert after digging a 176 ft. tunnel

17. Bell Ringer
Identify and explain two things that were done in the U.S. to help with the war effort.

18. Internment camps

20. Question:
Where did the U.S. government get the idea for using concentration camps?
Germany
Where did that influence get their idea?
U.S. Reservation System

22. Validation
Thousands of Japanese, German, and Italian Americans placed into internment camps
Done so out of fear of treason

23. Enemy Aliens Immigrants from countries the U.S. is at war with
Valid under the Alien and Sedition Act

24. German Americans

25. Why? Paranoia Strong ties to Nazi party or home country
Some tried to go back to Germany
Not fully naturalized citizens
Most families able to stay in tact

26. German Heritage 1940: 1.2 million German nationals living in U.S.
5 million citizens whose parents were both German
6 million citizens with one parent who was German

27. Deportation 4500 Germans deported from Latin America
Sent to DOJ camps in Texas, Tennessee, Oklahoma, Florida, & N. Dakota

28. Italian Americans

29. Conditions Pretty similar to Germans
Came under suspicion because of Italy’s alliance with Germany

30. Detention 1942: 695,000 Italian immigrants in the U.S. 1881 detained
Businessmen
Diplomats
College students

31. Japanese Americans

32. Issei & Nisei
Issei (immigrants) deprived of traditional rights and authority
Nisei (American-Born) given places of power in camps
5589 Nisei renounce citizenship
3600 Japanese in camps joined military
22,000 from Hawai’i and relocation zone

33. Treatment Worse than Germans and Italians Pearl Harbor
a. Why?
Pearl Harbor
10 Camps across the country

34. Executive Order 9066 Two months after Pearl Harbor
FDR orders all Japanese to evacuate west coast
Approximately 120,000 people relocated

36. The Camps
10 total
Located in California, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Arkansas, & Wyoming
AZ camps in Leupp, Poston, & Gila River
Chose arid areas to limit escape opportunities

37. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
Korematsu intentionally violated curfew and removal orders
Was born in California
Supreme Court upheld legality of relocation
6-3 in favor of upholding conviction

38. Supreme Court Decision
Said that although racially motivated laws are immediately suspect this discrimination was valid due to loyalty concerns by the military
Considered impossible to separate loyal from disloyal
Dissenting justices claimed that wartime concerns not legitimate reason to suspend civil rights
Conviction never actually overturned despite being seen as wrong