1. The Chemistry
of the
Periodic Table
Lesson 6

3. Dmitri Mendeleev
Born in Siberia- last of 14 children
First to make a period table

4. Dmitri Mendeleev’s Original Table

7. Going down the periodic table means going to outer shells so the radius increases
protons

8. Going across the periodic table means adding electrons to the same shell and increasing the positive charge of the nucleus so the radius decreases as the shell is pulled in.
The shell is pulled in 6+ 4+ 3+ 5+

10. Metals
Left side of the periodic table
Lose electrons
Form positive ions called cations
Shiny
Maleable
Conduct electricity

11. +1
Alkali Metals
Brainiac Rhubium

12. We can show how a metal loses electrons to form a cation using a half reaction.
When the electron is lost it is on the right and it is called oxidation.
LEO goes GER
Loss of Electrons is Oxidation
Gain of Electrons is Reduction Li
 Li+
+ e-

13. Alkaline Earth Metals +2 Sr Ba Ra

14. Group 2
Alkaline Earth Metals.
2 valence electrons.
They lose two electrons to form 2+ ions.

15. Ca
20p
20n
2e-
2e- 2 valence electrons- Unstable
8e-

16. Ca2+
8 valence electrons- Full Shell
-Stable
20p
20n
2e-
8e-

17. Ca
 Ca2+
+ 2e-

18. Transition Metals- Groups 3 - 12

19. Boron Family +3 In Ti

20. Boron Family.
3 valence electrons.
Lose three electrons to form 3+ ions.

21. Al
 Al3+
+ 3e-

22. Nonmetals
Right side of the periodic table
Gain electrons
Form negative ions called anions
Dull
Brittle
Do not conduct electricity

24. Group 15
Nitrogen Family.
5 valence electrons.
gain 3 to form 3- ions.

25. P
5 valence electrons- Full Shell
-unstable
15p
16n
2e-
8e-
5e-

26. P3-
8 valence electrons- Full Shell
-Stable
15p
16n
2e-
8e-

27. We can show how a nonmetal gains electrons to form an Anion using a half reaction.P
+ 3e-
 P3-
GER
Gain of Electrons is Reduction

29. Oxygen Family.
6 valence electrons.
gain 2 electrons to form 2- ions.

30. S
6 valence electrons- Full Shell
-unstable
16p
16n
2e-
8e-
6e-

31. S2-
8 valence electrons- Full Shell
-Stable
16p
16n
2e-
8e-

32. S
+ 2e-
 S2-

34. Halogens.
7 valence electrons.
Gain 1 electron to form 1- ions.

35. Cl2
+ 2e-
 Cl- 2 O2
+ 4e-
 O2- 2 N2
+ 6e-
 N3- 2

36. Brainiac

37. Noble or Inert Gases.
8 valence electrons.
Do not form compounds.

38. Neon Signs- Times Square
Periodic Table Song
The Element Song