1. The American Revolution

2. 1. Why was the French Empire ultimately so much less successful than either the Spanish or the British Empires?

3. 2. If France, instead of Britain, had won the “duel for North America,” would the thirteen colonies ever have become independent of Britain, or would they have been forced to stay within the empire for protection against France? Would Detroit, St. Louis, and New Orleans now be cities in Canada rather than in the United States?

4. 2. If France, instead of Britain, had won the “duel for North America,” would the thirteen colonies ever have become independent of Britain, or would they have been forced to stay within the empire for protection against France? Would Detroit, St. Louis, and New Orleans now be cities in Canada rather than in the United States?

5. 3. How did the treatment of Americans by British officers and the military, during the war, contribute to simmering resentment against the mother country? Do the attitudes and behavior of the colonists during the war suggest that Americans felt less real patriotic loyalty to Britain and that the ties had become largely practical ones?

6. 4. How important was William Pitt’s leadership in winning the Seven Years’ War? Is strong political leadership essential to military victory? Is strong political leadership or strong military leadership more important to winning a war? What about during revolutions?

7. The French and Indian War

8. Britain and France in the New World
Ohio River Valley
1753
Major George Washington (VA)

9. Washington Starts a War
Fort Prince George
1754
British
French renamed it Fort Dusquene
Fort Necessity (different fort entirely)

10. A Continent at War Seven Years War in Europe Native American alliances
Britain: Five Nations (Iroquois)
French: Algonquin
General Edward Braddock
February 1755
Fort Dusquene
Guerilla warfare

11. The Tide Begins to Turn 1758 – William Pitt now prime minister
Washington
Takes Fort Dusquene
Renames it Fort Pitt
Quebec: “The Gibraltar of America”
General James Wolfe
General Louis Montcalm
Plains of Abraham

12. Treaty of Paris—1763 Effects of British victory
All French possessions in North America given to Britain
Spain gives Florida to Britain
Spain gets New Orleans and Louisiana west of the Mississippi
Effects of British victory
Br. Now most powerful nation in world
Br. incurs enormous debt
Resentment towards colonists
Removed French threat

13. The Albany Plan of Union
1754—Delegates of 7 colonies met in Albany.
Benjamin Franklin proposed plan:
Congress of delegates with power to
Levy taxes
Raise an army
Deal with Indians
Control westward expansion.
Plan rejected

14. 1. Why was the French Empire ultimately so much less successful than either the Spanish or the British Empires?

15. 2. If France, instead of Britain, had won the “duel for North America,” would the thirteen colonies ever have become independent of Britain, or would they have been forced to stay within the empire for protection against France? Would Detroit, St. Louis, and New Orleans now be cities in Canada rather than in the United States?

16. 3. How did the treatment of Americans by British officers and the military, during the war, contribute to simmering resentment against the mother country? Do the attitudes and behavior of the colonists during the war suggest that Americans felt less real patriotic loyalty to Britain and that the ties had become largely practical ones?

17. 4. How important was William Pitt’s leadership in winning the Seven Years’ War? Is strong political leadership essential to military victory? Is strong political leadership or strong military leadership more important to winning a war? What about during revolutions?