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The Rock Cycle
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The Rock Cycle Did you know that rocks don’t stay the same? They continually change form.
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The Rock Cycle These 3 types of rocks continually go through processes that change them into other forms of rocks.
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The Rock Cycle All rocks are made up of minerals.
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The Rock Cycle There are 3 types of rocks
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TYPES OF ROCKS Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
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The Rock Cycle All 3 types of rocks change into other types of rocks in the rock cycle.
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ROCK CYCLE The rock cycle is a never-ending process of rocks forming, weathering, and changing into other rocks
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ROCK CYCLE The rock cycle is the process of recycling materials in Earth’s crust.
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ROCK CYCLE Rock cycle = Recycling Materials in Earth’s crust
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IGNEOUS ROCKS Only rock formed directly from magma
Magma = molten material
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IGNEOUS ROCKS Processes Heating Melting Cooling Crystallizing
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IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed from volcanoes or magma that cools underground
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IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = EXIT Intrusive = IN
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IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = Exit
Forms when lava EXITS the Earth and cools
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TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
OBSIDIAN BASALT
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TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
Basalt = Mid-Ocean Ridge and volcanoes BASALT
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TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
Obsidian = glassy rock quickly cooled from volcanoes OBSIDIAN
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IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = EXIT Intrusive = IN
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IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = EXIT Intrusive = IN
Forms Inside the Earth when magma cools inside
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TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
Granite is the most common continental rock. GRANITE
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TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
The longer a rock takes to cool, the larger the grains of crystals in the rock become. GRANITE OBSIDIAN
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TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
The longer a rock takes to cool, the larger the grains of crystals in the rock become. GRANITE Which rock took longer to cool, the INTRUSIVE ONE or the EXTRUSIVE ONE? OBSIDIAN
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together.
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together. Pebbles, sand, silt, or clay are sediments Shells and bones can also be sediments FOSSILS!
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together. Pebbles, sand, silt, or clay are sediments Shells and bones can also be sediments FOSSILS! LAYERS
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Weathering
The physical and chemical processes that BREAK DOWN rock at Earth’s surface
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion
The process by which water, _______, _____, or _________ CARRY weathered rock or soil
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion
The process by which water, wind, _____, or _________ CARRY weathered rock or soil
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion
The process by which water, wind, ice or ________ CARRY weathered rock or soil
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion
The process by which water, wind, ice or gravity CARRY weathered rock or soil
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS What are the
4 Agents of Erosion that CARRY weathered rock or soil?
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Deposition = Deposit = PUT DOWN
Put down sediment
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Compaction = Compact = PRESS TOGETHER
Presses sediments together = PRESSURE
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Cementation = CEMENT = GLUE TOGETHER
Dissolved minerals crystallize (harden) and glue sediment together
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Lithification = Turning into ROCK
The process where loose sediment is compacted and turned into rock.
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks may contain fossils
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Fossils are traces of organisms preserved in rocks
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Fossils tell us the kinds of different organisms that inhabited (lived in) specific environments during specific time periods.
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS If rocks contain fragments of bone, shells, or plant remains, the rock is most likely sedimentary
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks CLASTIC CHEMICAL
ORGANIC
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CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
3 types of sedimentary rocks Clastic = forms when rock fragments are squeezed together Shale made from clay Sandstone from sand Conglomerate from rounded rock fragments Breccia from sharp rock fragments SHALE SANDSTONE CONGLOMERATE BRECCIA
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ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
3 types of sedimentary rocks 2. Organic = forms from the remains of plants and animals in thick layers Organic = once living ORGANIC
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ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
3 types of sedimentary rocks Organic = Coal = remains of swamp plants A fossil fuel Limestone = coral, clams, oysters, snails have shells that layer on ocean floor chalk COAL LIMESTONE
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CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
3 types of sedimentary rocks 3. Chemical = forms when dissolved minerals crystallize CHEMICAL
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CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
3 types of sedimentary rocks 3. Chemical = Limestone forms when dissolved calcite crystallizes Rock Salt is the mineral halite Gypsum is used in drywall LIMESTONE ROCK SALT GYPSUM
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks are the only rocks that are formed ONLY on the SURFACE of the Earth – NOT BENEATH THE SURFACE
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TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
LIMESTONE SHALE COAL
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks that are changed by intense heat and pressure while inside Earth’s surface
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Processes to create metamorphic rocks Heat
From the interior of the Earth
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Processes to create metamorphic rocks Heat
From the interior of the Earth Pressure
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS Metamorphic rocks can be formed from Igneous,
sedimentary, and even metamorphic rocks
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METAMORPHIC Transformations
IGNEOUS METAMORPHIC GRANITE GNEISS
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METAMORPHIC Transformations
SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC SHALE SLATE
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METAMORPHIC Transformations
SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC SANDSTONE QUARTZITE
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METAMORPHIC Transformations
=
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Types of Metamorphic rocks Foliated =
layers or bands SLATE SCHIST GNEISS
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Types of Metamorphic rocks 2. Non-Foliated =
No layers or bands MARBLE QUARTZITE
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WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
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WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? SEDIMENTARY CONGLOMERATE
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WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
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WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? METAMORPHIC MARBLE
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WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?
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WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? IGNEOUS GRANITE
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WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? SEDIMENTARY LIMESTONE - FOSSILS
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ROCK CYCLE
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