1. Taylor Anderson Minnesota State University Moorhead
Effects of Media Presentation on Self-Esteem and Belongingness Ratings During Social Inclusion and Social Exclusion
Taylor Anderson
Minnesota State University Moorhead

2. Definitions
Social inclusion: feeling of belongingness to society or a certain group (Bernstein & Claypool, 2012)
Social exclusion: feeling as if a person is socially isolated or unimportant (Bernstein & Claypool, 2012)

3. Previous Research
Social inclusion/social exclusion effect’s a person’s self-esteem and belongingness ratings (Machin & Jeffries, 2017)
Media has an effect on self-esteem and belongingness (Fardouly, Diedrichs, Vartanian & Halliwell, 2015)

4. Hypothesis
Participants who are socially included will express higher feelings of belongingness and report higher self- esteem scores than those who are socially excluded
Furthermore, participants who are in the written presentation, socially excluded condition, will show lower feelings of belongingness and self-esteem compared to those in the visual media condition.

5. Method Participants Between 80-120 total participants
Minnesota State University Moorhead students
Lower level psychology classes
Recruited with a sign up sheet
All volunteers
Rewarded extra credit

6. Method
Design
2 (social interaction) x 2 (media presentation) between subjects factorial design
Dependent measures
Self-esteem
Belongingness
Written Presentation
Visual Presentation
Social Inclusion
Social Exclusion

7. Method
Materials
Six question abbreviated belongingness/self-esteem questionnaire
Video clip of social inclusion/exclusion
Written paragraph on social inclusion/exclusion
Need to Belong Scale
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Demographics

8. Controlled Media Presentation
Social Inclusion
Visual (video)
~5mins in length
Same age as the participant
New college student being accepted into a friend group at the university
Written
Short paragraph
Same material as social inclusion video
Social Exclusion
Visual (video)
~5mins in length
Same age as the participant
New colleague at work, sits down to have lunch and everyone gets up and leaves
Written
Short paragraph
Same material as social exclusion video

9. Need To Belong Scale

10. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale

11. Methods Procedure Random assignment Informed Consent
Abbreviated belongingness/self-esteem questionnaire
Participate in different measures depending upon condition placed in
Complete Need to Belong Scale and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale
Demographics Survey
Awarded extra credit

12. Results Results will be scored from scales that were used
See if there are any main effects or an interaction
2 (social interaction) x 2 (media presentation) between subjects factorial design
Descriptive statistics
Mean and standard deviation
Two, 2 x 2 factorial ANOVAs
Belongingness and self-esteem ratings based on the condition assigned to
Follow up correlational studies

13. Questions?