1. BIOENERGY WITH CO2 REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL - An approach to negative CO2 emissions in energy systems
IEA Workshop
Edinburgh, 12th November 2001
Kenneth Möllersten
Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

2. Today’s presentation Basic concept Results from studied cases
Ongoing research
Policy-related issues

3. Conventional bioenergy
products
biofuels
ashes (minerals)
CO2

5. Bioenergy w CO2 removal and disposal
energy products
biofuels
ashes (minerals)
CO2
CO2 to
underground
storage

6. Principal methods for CO2 removal
Energy
conversion
process
CO2
removal
Air
Bio-fuel
Flue
gas
Combustion
Condenser O2
H2O
products
separation
H2 or
H2 and CO
Gasification
Air/O2
Biofuel
CO shift
(optional)

7. Specific CO2 emissions of power/CHP plants with CO2 removal (incl
Specific CO2 emissions of power/CHP plants with CO2 removal (incl. compression to 100bar)

8. CO2 removal costs (incl. compression to 100bar)
+ around US$ /t CO2 for transportation and disposal

9. CO2 consequences of alternative recovery boiler replacements in pulp mill

10. CO2 consequences of alternative recovery boiler replacements in pulp mill

11. Potential & cost-effectiveness of CO2 reductions in the Swedish pulp and paper sector (Marginal power from coal power plants)
A: Electricity conservation
B: Improved electrical efficiency in steam power systems
C: BLIGCC
D: BLIGCC with CCS
E: Black liquor gasification with CCS, methanol production and CC
F: Conversion of lime kiln to biofuels
G: Cogeneration of wood-based methanol and heat in paper mills F
400
200 A B C
Cost of CO2 Reduction (US$/t CO2) D E G
Capital
valuation
Industrial
Societal
Potential CO2 reduction (Mt CO2/y)

12. Ongoing research GTCC/ EvGT/ FC CO2 removal CO shift Black Liquor
Gasifier
CO shift
CO2
removal
GTCC/
EvGT/ FC
EvGT
raw
gas
heat
power

13. Summary removal technologies & system considerations

14. Is CO2 from biomass tradable?
Ways to certify emission reduction credits
‘reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources’, or ‘enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks’?

15. Implementing bioenergy w CO2 removal & disposal
CO2 disposal schemes are being developed by companies from the fossil-fuel sector. Will they “welcome” disposal of CO2 from biomass?
Disposal of CO2 from biomass may require cooperation
CO2 disposal projects are large-scale
Pulp & paper producers are increasing their focus on core competencies, and less resources are available for energy management
Bioenergy producers are small and independent

16. Research and development
Integration of biomass energy and fossil-fuel
energy RD&D is required:
Introduce biomass energy into CO2 removal and disposal RD&D
Large-scale biomass energy applications with CO2 removal and disposal
Identify opportunities for synergies and phasing in biomass in CO2 disposal schemes For example through:
Co-firing coal and biomass w CO2 removal
Introduction of biomass-based methane in natural gas networks