1. Stratification and characteristics of common venous malformation by anatomical location 
Frederica Steiner, Kiarash Taghavi, Trevor FitzJohn, Swee T. Tan 
JPRAS Open 
Volume 13, Pages (September 2017)
DOI: /j.jpra
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
A 22-year-old female with a history of a right temporal swelling since birth with increasing headaches when lying down or stooping and an indentation when the head was elevated (A). An MRI T2 sequence showing a subcutaneous and intramuscular venous malformation with marked atrophy of the temporalis muscle (B). Reproduced with permission from the Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery.15
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
A 6-year-old girl with a venous malformation (VM) on the right cheek, upper neck and lower lip (A). An MRI T2 sequence showing the VM in the subcutaneous space of the cheek, floor of mouth, base of tongue and lower lip (B). Reproduced with permission from the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery.14
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
A 15-year-old female with a venous malformation (VM) affecting her left cheek and periorbital area (A). An MRI T2 sequence showing the VM in the subcutaneous tissue and the left buccal space, extending into the temporal region, deep to the temporalis muscle (B). Reproduced with permission from the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery.14
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
A 30-year-old woman with an extensive venous malformation (VM) on the right side of her neck, cheek (A), oral cavity and oropharynx (B). An MRI T2 sequence showing extensive involvement including the masseter muscle, and oropharynx and larynx that were significantly narrowed (C). Ethanol sclerotherapy (ES) led to significant reduction of the lesion with residual areas in the cheek, oropharynx and larynx, with marked improvement of the airway. Flexible endoscopy showed narrowing of the airway by the expanded residual VM following a pregnancy, 2 years after initial treatment (D) requiring further ES. Reproduced with permission from the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery.14
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
A 13-year-old girl with a cutaneous/subcutaneous venous malformation involving her left leg, foot, lower leg, knee, thigh and buttock and a swelling on the lateral aspect of the left knee (A). Axial MRI T2 sequence showing intramuscular involvement of the vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius muscles, and extension medially into the patello-femoral joint space, and over the lateral femoral condyle.
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
A 22-year-old male with extensive venous malformation involving the entire right lower limb, girdle and scrotum complicated by repeated haemarthrosis of the right knee and ankle joints. (A). MRI T2 sequence including the ankle joint and foot (B) and knee joint (C).
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7
An 18-year-old male with an intramuscular venous malformation in the left forearm (A) affecting the superficial flexor compartment shown on an MRI T2 sequence (B). Reproduced with permission from the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery.14
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

9. Figure 8
An 18-month-old girl with a large right-sided truncal venous malformation (VM) (A) with repeated bleeding. An MRI T2 sequence showing the large lesion in the cutaneous/subcutaneous tissue in the right flank/abdominal wall area extending from the paraspinal area posteriorly to the paraumbilical area anteriorly; from the costal margin superiorly to the iliac crest inferiorly (B). The lesion extended through a 25 × 30 cm abdominal wall defect into the retroperitoneal space and the right subphrenic region encroaching on the diaphragm, liver and kidney and displaced the bowel medially. Reproduced with permission from the Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery.15
JPRAS Open  , 29-40DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions