2. Write down 2 of the 3 global conflicts you researched.
Warm Up 3/22 (#6)
Write down 2 of the 3 global conflicts you researched.

3. March 22, 2018 Learning Targets (I can…):
Explain the origins of Hinduism and its basic beliefs
Important Dates:
3/26: Hinduism/Buddhism Questions
3/27: Life of Buddha Reading
Out for Stamp: Hinduism/Buddhism reading Take out: Global Conflict Research Agenda: Share Global Conflicts Intro Eastern Thought

4. Global Conflict Share Share your top 2 topics with your table group
It is ok if there are repeats
As a table group, decide on the three favorite topics
One MUST have happened in the 20th century and can NOT be ongoing
Put your 3 topics on post-its – ONE per post-it and place on the wall or board

5. Do a quick walk around the room and view other topics
Global Conflict Share
Do a quick walk around the room and view other topics
Write down one NEW topic you would consider doing a research paper on at the bottom of your global conflict research (must be different than the 3 you researched)
Place on front desk when finished.

6. Eastern Thought - Philosophy Interlude

7. What is it?!?
What do you think is meant by “eastern thought – philosophy”?

8. Objectives Outline the essential beliefs of Hinduism.
Analyze how the caste system shaped India.
Understand the key teachings of the Buddha.
Explore how Buddhism grew and changed as it spread beyond India.
…Then, Mr. Doran/Smith will be going over Confucianism and Taoism.

9. Did you catch that thing about Aryans and Non-Aryans in the beginning of the reading?!?

10. The Aryan Invasions

11. Aryan Migration: c BCE
Pastoral Nomads: herded sheep, cattle, goats.
Rode horses into battle.
Technology: Iron technology, Chariots.

12. Aryan Migration: c BCE
Most of what we know about the Aryans comes from The Vedas
The Vedas: A collection of hymns from early Indian societies, passed on for thousands of years before being written down between BCE

13. Hinduism:
Beliefs

14. Focus on the red (and bolded)

15. Brief overview
Generally considered the world’s oldest functioning religion, at over 5,000 years old
No specific or known founder
Most followers live in modern India
3rd largest religion in the world
Monotheistic (but looks like Polytheism)
Designed to involve itself in all parts of the believers life
Considered a culture as well as a religion—by Westerners

16. Beginning ideals of practice
Begun and carried out by a caste of elite priests known as Brahmin
These elites created various rituals with the belief that they had to be followed or this world would end (but they also believe in many phases of the world…)
Starts out with ritual, sacrifice, elaborate ceremonies, etc.
It encompasses a way of life—in contrast to the Western ideal of ritual and day specified worship

17. Religious texts
Three main ones, all from oral traditions: (You will study some of these in LA later)
Mahabharata (and Bhagavad-Gita)
Ramayana
Vedas (and Upanishads)
All of these are written much more like epic poems than Western texts
At no time do they tell the reader what to do—like parables they tell a story and let the reader infer.
Religious philosophy grows out of these texts

18. Religious Texts
Vedic hymns were recited, and eventually written down to create the Upanishads
The Upanishads took the form or a written dialogue between a student and a master, in which the two explore how an individual liberate themselves from desire and suffering

19. Put down your pen(cils) and eyes forward

20. Basic Beliefs
At the beginning of this era of the Universe, Brahman—the great overarching being, the absolute—was disrupted, splitting into trillions of pieces
When the world was first made, the millions of pieces of Brahman became Atman (souls) which make up all sentient beings (anything that can perceive and feel things)
Now we are trapped in samsara (the cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth)

21. Basic Beliefs
Every action one takes, good or bad, creates karma which goes on to effect one’s future
The ultimate goal is the return to Brahman
To do this one must break samsara and achieve moksha (liberation)
After this, reincarnation will no longer occur
Moksha can take several lifetimes to occur, according to some readings. Or it could just be one…
This was traditionally done by dharma (doing your duty; the right way of living); but has been added to by yogic practice

22. Basic Beliefs
When one has not achieved moksha, the atman will instead be reincarnated. There are three main theories of reincarnation:
1. based on karma determining station in new life
2. based on the atman’s desire to try new things
3. the atman has one attempt to be human
If the atman cannot achieve moksha within the given time, it is either 1.) condemned to a hell or 2.) destroyed as unworthy of association with Brahman

23. Basic Beliefs There are four stated goals in life:
Dharma: one’s duty, role and righteousness
Artha: prosperity, providing for family, economic values
Kama: pleasure, love, psychological values
Moksha: spirituality & liberation from the cycle of suffering
#1 is the most important and takes priority over #s 2 & 3; doing #s 1, 2, & 3 right leads to #4
However, as the influence of capitalism & the West enjoined Indian, addendums were made to dharma, allowing people to be religious without staying in their role. This became known as the yoke, or yoga
The three yogic paths are:
Jnanamarga (salvation through knowledge)
Bhaktimarga (salvation through religious devotion)
Karmamarga (salvation through good actions)

24. Now pick up your pen(cils) and focus on the red (and bolded)

25. The Emergence of Hinduism
Develops slowly over a long period of time, referencing Vedic Hymns
No single founder or founding date
Goal: Liberate the soul of worldly pains
Hinduism is monotheistic, but has multiple “avatars” of Truth (God)

26. Hinduism Atman: An individual’s indestructible soul
This goal of achieving liberation from desire & suffering is known as Moksha
Moksha can be achieved through perfect understanding of the relationship between atman & Braman
Atman: An individual’s indestructible soul
Brahman: The world soul, which united all atman

27. Hindu Religious Terms
Vedas – ancient Hindu scriptures revealed to seers
Upanishads- Hindu teachers comments on the Vedas
Atman- a person’s essential self (soul)
Brahman- world soul that unites all atmans

28. Indian Religious Terms
Moksha- union with Brahman; in Hinduism, the ultimate goal of existence
Karma- all the actions of a person’s life that affect his or her fate in the next life
Dharma- the religious and moral duties of an individual
Samsara (reincarnation)- the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form

29. Despite the complexity of the religion, all Hindus share some core beliefs.
A single spiritual force, Brahman, underlies the universe. Each individual also has an atman, or essential self.
The goal of life is to achieve moksha, union with brahman.