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Ch. 40a Warm-Up Name examples of biotic and abiotic factors in the environment surrounding LHS. Which biomes can be found in Colorado? Define the following terms (either on separate notecards or vocab list page): population community ecosystem biosphere
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Warm-Up – Generating Hypotheses
Question: What type of cleaner will kill the most germs? Develop a hypothesis based on this question. Be sure to include: Independent variable (IV) Dependent variable (DV) What will your control be? What are some things that you will keep constant between test groups? Vocab terms: biogeography, fixed action pattern, sign stimulus, kinesis, taxis, imprinting, migration
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Identify: What do I see on the graph
Identify: What do I see on the graph? Interpret: What does the info on the graph mean?
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An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
Chapter 40a An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
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You Must Know The role of abiotic factors in the formation of biomes.
Features of freshwater and marine biomes. Major terrestrial biomes and their characteristics.
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Ecology: the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment
The ecological study of species involves biotic and abiotic influences. Biotic = living (organisms – behaviors & interactions between organisms) Abiotic = nonliving (temp, water, salinity, sunlight, soil)
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Heirarchy Organisms Population: group of individuals of same species living in a particular geographic area Community: group of populations of different species in an area Ecosystem: community of organisms + physical factors Landscape: mosaic of connected ecosystems Biosphere: global ecosystem
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Climate: long-term prevailing weather conditions in a particular area
Climate = temperature + precipitation + sunlight + wind Macroclimate vs. microclimate: Macro: work at seasonal, regional or local level Micro: small-scale environmental variation (eg. under a log) Climate change: some species may not survive shifting ranges
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Global Climate Patterns: Sunlight intensity
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Global Climate Patterns: Air Circulation & Precipitation Patterns
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Global Climate Patterns: Ocean Currents
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Global Climate Patterns: Mountains affect rainfall
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Which side of the canyon has more plants? Why?
Black Canyon of the Gunnison River
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Biomes: major types of ecosystems that occupy very broad geographic regions
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Climate, latitude, and elevation determine biomes
Figure 34.7C Figure 34.12 Figure 34.12
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Climograph: plot of annual mean temperature & precipitation in a particular region
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Tropical Forest
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Desert
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Savanna
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Chaparral
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Temperate Grassland
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Northern Coniferous Forest
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Temperate Broadleaf Forest
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Tundra
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Lakes
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Wetlands
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Streams & Rivers
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Estuaries
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Intertidal Zones
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Oceanic Pelagic Zone (Open Water)
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Coral Reefs
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Marine Benthic Zone
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Which biome do these graphs represent?
Yakutsk, Russia (Tundra)
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Which biome do these graphs represent?
Campa Pita, Belize (Rainforest)
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Biogeography: geographic distribution of species
Factors: Dispersal – movement away from area of origin Behavior – habitat selection Biotic factors – other species, food resources, competition, pollinators, predators Abiotic factors – temp, water, oxygen, salinity, sunlight, rocks & soil
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What factors may have influenced the distribution of this species?
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