1. Ancient Greece: Athens & Sparta

2. Journal Entry #4 9/15/2017 What % of land in Greece was farmable?
How much of Greece is mountainous?
Who do we consider to be the 1st Greeks, and why?
Why were the Greek Gods & Goddesses Imperfect?

3. Intro 300 Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mo-QziDiznU
What does this tell us about Spartan Society?

4. POLIS=GREEK CITY-STATE
Preview
Examination of Athens & Sparta
Two major Greek city-states; polar opposites
POLIS=GREEK CITY-STATE
How did War & Democracy shape their societies?

5. Sparta Military culture, seen in intro
Hoplites- Spartan Foot Soldiers (pictured here)
Conquered surrounding towns, kept captives as slaves, or Helots
Outnumbered Spartans 7-1, performed manual labor

6. Role of Women Taught boys physical/mental toughness until age 7
Maintained very high fitness levels
Enjoyed more rights than their Greek counterparts (Property)

7. Political Structure Oligarchy- Government ran by a group of people
Sparta was led by Two Kings who were Military Commanders
Council of Elders, called Ephors(seen here), made most of the decisions governing the polis

8. Divine Right thru Birth
Type of Govt
Head of State
Decision Maker(s)
Source of Power & How it is Acquired
Length of Rule
Political Freedoms Determined By:
Monarchy
King or Queen
Divine Right thru Birth
Death, Overthrow or Abdication
Oligarchy
Small group of Leaders
Intelligence & Wealth thru Coalition or Consensus
Death or Overthrow
Oligarchs
Representative Democracy (Republic)
President
President & Representative Group
A Constitution thru Elections
End of Term
Bill of Rights
Direct
Democracy
N/A
All Citizens
All Citizens thru Elections
Anarchy
No one has power over anyone else
Ends when a Government is Established
Each Individual (can do anything except organize)

9. Athens Democracy-Government by the People
Athens originally ruled by Kings
Replaced by wealthy Aristocratic families
How did they finally get a Democracy?

10. Reformers Draco Huge gap b/w Rich & Poor under Aristocratic system
Only way to stop unrest?
Harsh punishment!
Spoiler: Didn’t work
Only made things worse

11. Reformers Solon Outlawed debt slavery
Tried to reduce poverty by increasing trade
All men could participate in the Assembly
Only wealthy could run for office
1st Step, albeit a small one

12. Peisistratus
Tyrant- Ruler who seizes power by force, claims it is for the good of the people
Even w/Solon’s reforms, tensions remained
Peisistratus seized power
Ousted Aristocrats, Increased Trade & ordered massive Public Works projects
Does being a Tyrant make you a bad person?

13. Cleisthenes All citizens could participate in the Assembly
WORLD’S 1st DEMOCRACY
FATHER OF DEMOCRACY!
Created the Council (of 500)
Athenian Legislature!

14. Athenian Democracy-Structure
Assembly
- included all eligible to take part
- Voted on all laws & made important decisions
Council (of 500)
- Wrote laws which would be voted on by the full Assembly

15. Who were the Citizens?
Free males, over 20 who had completed Military training
“The man is by nature fitter for command than the female just as an older person is superior to a younger, more immature person.”-Aristotle
“Citizens” only made up 10% of Athenian population
(Sort of)

16. Duties of Citizens Vote in ALL elections Serve in office if elected
Serve on Juries
Serve in Military during war

17. Athenian vs. U.S. Democracy

18. Wrap-Up How did War & Democracy shape societies in Ancient Greece
What are the 5 major types of Government?
Form of Government in Sparta? Athens?