1. Ancient Greece

2. I. Earliest Greek Peoples: A
I. Earliest Greek Peoples: A. The Minoan civilization was on the island of Crete 1. Named for mythological king Minos 2. Farmed and traded, known for ship building 3. Probably destroyed by natural disasters B. The Mycenaean civilization 1. The setting of much of ancient Greek literature and myth a. The epics of Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) 2. Destroyed by invaders

3. II. City States. A. Greek word for City-State is Polis. B
II. City States A. Greek word for City-State is Polis B. Developed around a fort

4. C. Each city state was independent, but they were all “Greek” and united by the following factors: 1. Spoke same language 2. Non-Greek speakers were considered uncivilized 3. Same religion 4. Great festivals brought them together

5. III. Athens and Sparta A. Two leading city states that were very different B. Both had 3 levels of class society C. Athens was more concerned with art and education D. Sparta was a warrior society

6. IV. Prominent Athenians. A
IV. Prominent Athenians A. Draco – strict and harsh law, today strict laws are called Draconian B. Cleisthenes – established democratic system in Athens

7. V. Persian Wars. A. Caused by Greek resistance to Persian expansion. 1
V. Persian Wars A. Caused by Greek resistance to Persian expansion 1. Cyrus the Great took over Greece and appointed tyrants to rule each of the city-states. B. Spanned several decades C. Persian kings who fought against Greece were Darius and Xerxes D. Key battles: 1. Marathon 2. Thermopylae

8. VI. Pericles becomes leader of Athens. A
VI. Pericles becomes leader of Athens A. Great general, orator, and statesman B. Ruled Greece during its Golden Age, between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars C. Promoted Greek art, architecture, and literature D. Democracy reached its height under Pericles

9. VII. The Delian League
A. An association of Greek city-states united under Athens
B. Wanted to continue fighting Persia in the Persian war
C. Athens began to cause conflict with other city-states
Delian league dissolved
Peloponnesian war began between Athens and the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta)

10. VIII. The Peloponnesian Wars. A
VIII. The Peloponnesian Wars A. Conflict between Athens and Sparta in post Persian War era B. Lasted almost 30 years C. Sparta won, and became dominate Greek power until Macedonia from the north gained power D. Democracy in Athens dissolved after their defeat, Sparta put the ‘Thirty Tyrants’ in power, an oligarchy.

11. IX. Alexander the Great of Macedon A. Military and classical education B. Conquered most of known world: 1. Mesopotamia Syria 3. Egypt 4. Asia Minor

12. C. Defeated Persia D. Spread Hellenism (Greek Culture) to Africa, Middle East, and parts of India E. Died at age 32 – fever F. Empire divided into three parts upon death, Greek influence tapered

13. X. Social and Gender Structures. A. Early Greece. 1. Patriarchal. 2
X. Social and Gender Structures A. Early Greece 1. Patriarchal 2. Male dominated, even with child training 3. Greeks were defined by their city-state B. Hellenistic Greece 1. Remained Patriarchal Learning and Commerce 3. Rise of middle class 4. Women won new property rights, appeared more often in public

14. XI. Trade. A. Traded with east via Silk Road. B
XI. Trade A. Traded with east via Silk Road B. Traded with Africa via Mediterranean Sea

15. XII. Philosophy A. Leading philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle B. Schools of thought: 1. Cynicism – Diogenes Live a simple life, avoid materialism 2 Skepticism – Pyrrho Don’t believe anything until you have proof 3. Stoicism – Zeno Destructive emotions are a result of bad judgment 4. Epicureanism – Epicurus Seek pleasure and avoid pain

16. XIII. Mathematics and physics. A. Euclid- Elements of geometry. B
XIII. Mathematics and physics A. Euclid- Elements of geometry B. Archimedes- Concept of л Ratio of circumference to diameter Levers C. Archimedes screw

17. XIV. Medicine – anatomy XV. Astronomy and geography. A
XIV. Medicine – anatomy XV. Astronomy and geography A. Aristarchus – astronomy B. Eratosthenes – father of geography

18. XVI. Religion A. Polytheistic- Many gods and goddesses B
XVI. Religion A. Polytheistic- Many gods and goddesses B. Behaved like humans, very emotional C. Were not all-powerful D. Animal sacrifices to appease gods were common E. Greek religion was adapted later on by the Romans