3. From Scandinavia (Modern Denmark, Norway and Sweden)
Name 'Viking' means “pirate raid“ in Old Norse
Dominated Northern Europe from about 700 to CE.
Raided European towns and settled in other areas

4. Map showing Viking conquests, raids, and settlements.

5. Picture of a Viking ship from an early Anglo-Saxon history book showing the ship’s wooden planks and 'dragon-head'.

6. Actual Viking ship discovered in a burial mound in Norway

7. Under Roman control until 410 CE
Germanic tribes the Angles, Saxons, & Jutes come over from continental Europe
King Alfred the Great unites Anglo- Saxon kingdoms in the 870s
Later defended the kingdom against Viking conquest

8. Alfred’s grandson Æthelstan became the first King of England in 927
Defeated an invasion by the King of Scotland
Later King Edward the Confessor died without an heir in 1066

9. William the Duke of Normandy wanted the throne
Normandy was a former Viking settlement in France
He leads Norman Conquest of England in 1066 C.E.
Wins the Battle of Hastings to control England

10. The Battle of Hastings

11. Henry II – King of England from 1154 – 1189
Helped establish the Common Law system - the same laws throughout England
His son King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215
This limited royal power for the first time

12. King John signing the Magna Carta in 1215

13. Not a nation but a collection of small feudal lands
Hugh Capet elected to throne by nobles in 987 CE – began the Capetian family rule.
The “Capetians” expand control
Enlarged territory & appointed officials across France
Picture shows Cluny Abbey in Saône-et-Loire, France - founded in 910.

15. England vs. France
Fought from 1337 – due to conflicts over French lands and crown
English were winning at first due to superior weapons

16. Teenage Joan of Arc said heavenly voices told her to save France
Led a French army to victory at Orleans
Captured by English & burned for witchcraft
Inspired French to rally, drive English out of France

17. Joan of Arc at the Siege of Orléans

18. Key Effects of the war: Each country feels unity
Helps lead to the decline of feudalism
More people in towns
New middle class willing to pay taxes for armies

19. Visigoths on the Iberian peninsula convert to Christianity in 587
Muslim Umayyad dynasty invades from North Africa in late 700’s
The Reconquista (Christian reconquering) began later and would last 700 years

20. Mongols invaded Russia in the 1200’s and ruled until 1480
Ivan III (Ivan the Great) threw off Mongol rule
Centralized power expanded Russian nation
Adopted Eastern Orthodox Church from the Byzantine Empire