1. Developmental Psychology
Toddlerhood
Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

2. What’s going on at 2 and 3? Developmental Tasks
Elaboration of locomotion
Language development
Fantasy play
Self control

3. Parenting Styles & Characteristics- What are some thoughts/beliefs you have about effective parenting?
Baumrind’s formulation of parenting styles-Demandingness & Responsiveness
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive, democratic-indulgent
Permissive, rejecting-neglecting

4. 2. PARTheory: Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory-Roehner
An intercultural approach-400 studies in 60 nations
Acceptance and rejection are defined in culture-specific ways.
Perceived rejection is emphasized
Four behavioral patterns
Warmth/affection
Rejection
Cold/unaffectionate
Hostility/aggression
Indifference/neglect
Undifferentiated rejection

6. Acceptance is linked with:
Higher self-esteem
Psychological independence
Trust
Positive world view

7. Rejection is associated with
Hostility and aggression
Dependence or defensive independence
Emotional unresponsiveness
Impaired self-esteem
Impaired self-adequacy
Emotional instability
Negative worldview

8. Self control
Self control refers to the child’s ability to control her impulses and attain his goals.
Emotion regulation helps facilitate these abilities.
Infants began to develop emotion regulation skills through caregiving interactions.
Comforting physical contact
Soothing sounds
Elimination of stimulus causing discomfort

9. Facilitating toddler self control
Teaching empathy/Increasing sensitivity to others
Perspective taking
Role modeling
Discipline should be
Clearly linked to unwanted behavior
Short duration
Rational
Consistent
Use of language
Talk about the emotions
Modify them through distraction or explanation
Give suggestions on how to manage them
Model ways of responding to emotions
Reinforce prosocial behavior

10. Emotion-coaching John Gottman on Speaker’s Forum
Emotion coaching
What is it?
Benefits in adult relationships?
Benefits for child development?
Questions provoked?
Criticisms provoked?

11. Designing a high quality child care center
Physical space-inside and outside
Daily schedule
Sample toys
Policies to support families
Incorporate inclusivity and cultural relevancy into your plan.

12. Problem solving Read the “Lilly” scenario
Do a go-round with each person contributing an observation of the scenario
Discuss adult responses that would promote emotion regulation
Link adult responses to strategies from lecture
Plan an activity you could have parents do to develop skills to promote emotion regulation

13. The role and impact of childcare
Some information about childcare
70% of kids in the U.S. 0-5 are in care outside the home.
There are national accreditation standards for childcare settings that address curriculum, relationships with family, physical space, etc.
In WA, there are 2,107 childcare centers; 143 are accredited; 6.3% of centers and .32% of homes
Annual cost for infant: $12,000/8,424.00
Annual cost for a 4 year old: $8,804/7,140
Annual income of f/t childcare provider: $19,710

14. Pressing questions What makes child care high quality?
Consistency and training of caregivers
Clean, safe environment
Small ratio
What needs can be met through high quality child care?
Cognitive development, especially if not supported at home.
Social competence, self-esteem, empathy.
Long term benefits: hs completion, reduced criminal activity, college entrance/completion
Accreditation standards: