1. Chapter 4 The Union in Peril
Section 3
The North Takes Charge

2. The Tide Turns
By 1863 the South continued to dominate the war. Until Stonewall Jackson died. Then Lee decided to invade the North to really gain control.
The Battle of Gettysburg (Southern Pennsylvania), Confederates originally gained control of the town, but Union soldiers awaited on the hills. On day 3 of the battle Lee orders an attack on the Union soldiers on the hill, the Union lines will hold strong and force the Confederates to retreat.
This will cause Union morale to soar.
23,000 Union deaths
28,000 Confederate deaths

3. The Tide Turns
Gettysburg Address- ceremony held months later to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg. Was said to Unify the country.

4. The Tide Turns
Grant wins at Vicksburg- which was helpful in giving the Union Control of the Mississippi River.
Confederate food supplies run so low they are forced to surrender Vicksburg. Now the Confederacy was split in 2.
Lincoln appoints Ulysses S. Grant and William Sherman as commanders of Union armies. Which will also help turn the tide of the war.

5. The Confederacy Wears Down
Total War- complete destruction of the enemy
Sherman’s March- went throughout Georgia burning everything he came across, most of Atlanta will be burned.
The Election of Lincoln reelected despite poor war politics.
The Surrender at Appomattox- April 3, 1865 Richmond was under Union control, which led Lee to surrender. After 4 years the Civil War was now over.

6. The War Changes the Nation
360,000 Union Soldiers died
260,000 Confederate Soldiers died.
Political- now more power was granted to federal government. (taxes)
Economic- North boomed, South was devastated.
New Warfare- New rifles, new ammo, new ships.

7. The War Changes Lives
13th Amendment- ended slavery official throughout the whole country.
Lincoln’s Assassination- 5 days after the surrender Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. 1/3 of the USA Population will witness Lincolns funeral train.
Now the country faces the problem of how to restore the country…

8. Vocabulary
Gettysburg
Turning point in civil war, in Pennsylvania.
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln’s declaration of a united nation.
Vicksburg
One of the 2 remaining Southern strongholds.
William Tecumseh Sherman
Mississippi river commander of the military division.
Appomatox Court House
Where Lee and Grant me to discuss Southern surrender.
13th Amendment
Amendment to abolish slavery.
John Wilkes Booth
Assassin of President Lincoln.

9. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

10. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Abraham Lincoln November 19, 1863