1. The Quotation Sandwich

2. Introduce the Quotation
Insert the quotation using the correct punctuation.
Include an in-text citation and a period.

3. Why is this important? It adds credibility to your writing.
Introductions also show that you have done your homework. If a person or source has no authority on the subject you are writing about, you probably should not be quoting it in your paper.
It prepares your reader to receive information.

4. First Slice of Bread
Introduce the person or source being quoted. Introductions are also called signal phrases.
Example:
Kevin Pope, Professor of Herpetology at Oxford University, in his article “How to properly handle a snake” states…
Strong introductions give the credits of the person or source you are quoting. In other words, strong introductions tell us why the person or source you are using has authority on the subject.

5. Sandwich Fillings!
Correctly insert the quotation into the text by using the proper punctuation.
You would be surprised by how often students and adults mess this up!

6. Sandwich Fillings!
According to Kanye West, “Beyonce had one of the greatest videos of all time.”
This is not new information. Right?!?

7. The Bottom Slice of Bread!
When writing academic essays you will be expected to include an in-text citation.
In-text citations show your readers the page number that your information came from. They also often show the source of the quotation.

8. In-Text Citations
In-text citations are included after the quotation mark but before the period. According to Professor Katy Smith in her article “English in the Modern World,” “English is the hardest language to learn” (22). Notice that the citation is included outside of the parenthesis, but before the period.

9. If you do not include source of the quote in the introduction, you must include the last name of the source in the in-text citation.
“English is the hardest language to learn” (Smith 22).
This is appropriate if you repeatedly use the same source. This is not appropriate if you never introduced your source in the first place.

10. The Exception….
When you are inserting a quotation that is more than four lines long, you must put the quotation in block format.
Quotations put in this format are known as block quotations.
When inserting a block quotation, introduce a quote as you normally would. At the end of the introduction omit the comma and quotation marks and use a colon instead. Hit space bar and insert your quotation as a free standing “block.” Include the in-text citation at the end after the period. All lines in the quotation must be indented one inch from the page.

11. Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. (Bronte 78)

12. A Properly “Sandwiched” Quotation
According to definitive Melville biographer Heshel Parker, “There are many parallels between the father of Wellenborough Redburn and Melville’s own father” (72).