1. The Civil War Lesson 4 African Americans and the War

2. The Civil War Lesson 4 African Americans and the War
Learning Objectives
Analyze why Lincoln decided to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and what it achieved.
Assess the different roles that African Americans played in the Civil War.

3. The Civil War Lesson 4 African Americans and the War
Key Terms
contraband
Battle of Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation
Militia Act
54th Massachusetts Regiment

4. Emancipation and the Civil War
Despite Lincoln’s efforts to downplay the issue of slavery, abolitionists kept up the pressure to end slavery. Soon, Lincoln himself recognized the need to include freedom for enslaved Americans among the goals of the war. His actions helped bring about the beginning of the end of slavery in the United States. At the same time, African American soldiers joined the fight for freedom.

5. Emancipation and the Civil War
What do you do with slaves that are “captured” by Union Armies?
General Benjamin Butler – declared them contraband – captured war supplies
General John Freemont – freed them – Lincoln reversed decision – why?
Lincoln in summer of 1862 decides to free slaves in rebellious states only – needs a victory though

6. Battle of Antietam
Lee invades the North to win a battle on Northern land – maybe England will get involved.
McClellan loses him but finds a cigar with secret orders detailing Lee’s plans – waits 16 hours then attacks Lee at Sharpsburg
Hookers attacks at the Dunker church is bloody but winning until Hood and his Texans attack – follow the retreating forces until they get too close to Union artillery – 60% dead – “Dead on the field”
Rebel center at the sunken road.
General Burnside at the stone bridge – “it would not be prudent”
North – 12,000 South 14,000 1/3 of Lee’s army
Battle of Antietam: bloodiest single day of fighting in the Civil War.
McClellan fails to follow Lee.
Replaced by Burnside

7. Emancipation and the Civil War
Massachusetts newspaper publisher William Lloyd Garrison was one of the nation's leading abolitionists.

8. The Emancipation Proclamation
On September 22, 1862, Lincoln formally announced the Emancipation Proclamation. Issued as a military decree, it freed all enslaved people in states still in rebellion against the Union after January 1, It did not, however, apply to loyal border states or to places that were already under Union military control. Lincoln hoped that the proclamation might convince some southern states to surrender before the January 1 deadline.

9. The Emancipation Proclamation
Sept 22nd, 1862 – Lincoln announces the Emancipation Proclamation
Frees all enslaved people in states in rebellious states only
Not border states or territory already seized
Garrison – not enough
Republicans – not enough, Democrats – too much
Proclamation’s effect
War officially about slavery
European powers will not interfere
South will not negotiate – fight to the end
African Americans want to fight in Civil War
Democrats gained seats in Congress
Militia Act – African Americans no allowed in the Union Army

10. The Emancipation Proclamation
This 1864 painting depicts Lincoln’s presentation of the Emancipation Proclamation to members of his Cabinet. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton sits at the far left, and Secretary of State William Seward sits facing Lincoln.

11. African Americans Join the Fight
With the Emancipation Proclamation, the Union moved from allowing African American troops to actively recruiting them. African American and abolitionist leaders were asked to seek volunteers. The abolitionist governor of Massachusetts enthusiastically supported the formation of the all African American 54th Massachusetts Regiment. By war’s end, more than 180,000 African American volunteers had served in the Union military. The Confederacy considered drafting slaves and free African Americans in 1863 and 1864, but most southerners opposed their enlistment.

12. African Americans Join the Fight
54th Massachusetts Regiment – experimental all Black Regiment – fought awesome
All white officers
Many died at Fort Wagner
Robert Gould Shaw
12 black Congressional Medal of Honor’s
No equal pay to end of war
Did many menial tasks – cooking, cleaning, latrines and guard duty
Executed if surrendered
70,000 blacks lost lives in Civil War
Most helped Northern Armies, food, scouts, regiments
Slaves freed themselves.

13. African Americans Join the Fight
This drummer had been enslaved prior to his service in the 79th U.S. Colored Infantry.

14. Quiz: Emancipation and the Civil War
What event encouraged Lincoln to move forward with his plan for emancipation?
A. the Battle of Antietam
B. a pro-Confederate uprising in Maryland
C. the Proclamation to the People of Maryland
D. the Second Battle of Bull Run

15. Quiz: The Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation declared free all enslaved persons in
A. Confederate and border states and territories.
B. states and territories in rebellion against the Union.
C. the southwest territories.
D. the northern United States.

16. Quiz: African Americans Join the Fight
What happened after the Emancipation Proclamation?
A. African American soldiers won equal status with white soldiers.
B. The Confederacy drafted African Americans to fight.
C. The North permitted African Americans to enlist.
D. Union forces actively recruited African Americans.