1. Dred Scott

2. General Information Born in Virginia around 1800 Peter Blow-master
In 1830-St. Louis, Missouri
Two years later Peter Blow died

4. General Information Dr. John Emerson-master
Emerson took Scott to the free state of Illinois
In 1836 Emerson moved to the Wisconsin Territory.

5. General Information In WI married Harriet Robinson
Harriet was a slave owned by a local justice of the peace
Ownership of Harriet was transferred to Emerson.

6. In your notebooks:
Scott's extended stay in Illinois, a free state, gave him the legal standing to make a claim for freedom, as did his extended stay in Wisconsin, where slavery was also prohibited.
Scott never made the claim while living in the free lands…why do you think he didn’t make a claim for freedom here?

7. A Free Man?
After two years, the army transferred Emerson to the south: first to St Louis, then to Louisiana.
The Scotts’ stayed in Wisconsin for another yr
Until Emerson remarried

8. In your notebooks:
Instead of staying in the free territory of Wisconsin, or going to the free state of Illinois, the two traveled over a thousand miles, unaccompanied, down the Mississippi River to meet their master.
WHY DID THEY GO DOWN SOUTH?!?

9. A Free Man? Emerson's died in 1843
Emerson's widow hired Scott out to an army captain
Scott began to seek freedom for himself and his wife.

10. A Quest for Freedom
Scott offered to buy his freedom from Mrs. Emerson -- then living in St. Louis -- for $300
The offer was refused
Scott then sought freedom through the courts

11. A Quest for Freedom
Scott went to trial in June of 1846 in the St Louis circuit court, but lost on a technicality
Scott couldn't prove that he and Harriet were owned by Emerson's widow.
In an 1850 retrial, the St Louis circuit court ruled that Scott and his family were free.

12. A Quest for Freedom Mrs. Emerson appeals to Missouri Supreme Court
The Missouri Supreme Court decided that case should be retried.

13. A Quest for Freedom
1852 the Missouri Supreme Court reverses the decision of the lower court.
The Scotts must return to Mrs. Emerson as her slaves

14. A Quest for Freedom
Scott and his lawyers then brought his case to a federal court, the United States Circuit Court in Missouri.
In 1854, the Circuit Court upheld the decision of the Missouri Supreme Court.
There was now only one other place to go.

15. United States Supreme Court.
To the Top!
Scott appealed his case to the
United States Supreme Court.

16. The Supreme Court of 1856
The nine justices had biases regarding slavery.
Seven had been appointed by pro-slavery presidents from the South
Of these, five were from slave-holding families

17. The Dred Scott Decision
The main issues for the Supreme Court, therefore, were:
whether it had jurisdiction to try the case, and
whether Scott was indeed a citizen.

18. The Dred Scott Decision
The decision of the court was read in March of 1857.
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney -- a staunch supporter of slavery -- wrote the "majority opinion" for the court.

19. The Dred Scott Decision
It stated that because Scott was black, he was not a citizen and therefore had no right to sue.

20. The Dred Scott Decision
The decision also declared the Missouri Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional.
The Missouri Compromise restricted slavery in certain territories.

21. The Aftermath Southerns happy-Northerns outraged
The decision greatly influenced the nomination of Abraham Lincoln to the Republican Party.

22. The Aftermath
Peter Blow's sons had helped pay Scott's legal fees through the years.
After the Supreme Court's decision, the former master's sons purchased Scott and his wife and set them free.

23. The Aftermath
Dred Scott died nine months later.