1. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

3. Class Quiz Tom.
Popcorn – pathway of blood through systemic and pulmonary systems
Start at RIGHT ATRIUM and end at RIGHT ATRIUM

4. Word list – you put it in the correct order
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary trunk
Aorta
Capillaries of lungs
Capillaries of body
Superior and inferior vena cava

5. Heart: external

6. Heart: internal
AV valve
AV valve

7. Cardiac Cycle
Diastole = relax
Systole = contract
See chart on 620

9. Structure and Function
Atria are composed of thinner cardiac muscles and their contractions are quick and not nearly as forceful as ventricular contractions (0.1 sec)
Ventricles are composed of thicker cardiac muscle and much more forceful then atrial contractions, the contractions also last longer (0.3 sec)

10. Pulse – used to determine heart rate (beats per min
Pulse – used to determine heart rate (beats per min.), pulse is actually the rhythmic stretching of arteries caused by the pressure of blood flow due to the powerful contractions of the ventricles

11. Cardiac Output
Cardiac output = volume of blood per minute into the systemic loop - depends upon…
heart rate (specifically left ventricle rate of contraction) and
stroke volume – volume of blood pumped out of left ventricle with each contraction

12. Why is cardiac output important?
HINT:
Av. Person at rest = 5.25 L/min which is about equivalent to total volume of blood in body
Av. person who has decided to exercise = L/min

13. Why would the cardiac output increase with exercise?

14. Why is exercise good for the heart?

15. Increase efficiency of heart – increase in stroke volume

16. Rhythmic Beating of the Heart
Individual cells of cardiac tissue beat on their own

17. Coordinating the “beat”
SA (sinoatrial) node – aka pace maker
Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) – reads the electrical currents produced during the heart beat

18. USE Figure 34.7
What do the following ECG recordings correspond to in regards to the action of the heart:
P wave –
QRS –
T –

19. Blood Pressure Top # = systolic pressure Bottom # = diastolic pressure
120/80
Top # = systolic pressure
Bottom # = diastolic pressure

20. Vessel types

21. Blood Vessel System
Law of continuity – think water hose and water pressure
Water flow velocity depends upon diameter the “pipe” in this case the vessel
So… which should have a faster blood flow arteriole or capillaries?

22. Yes, a single capillary is smaller in diameter than an arteriole BUT…
You must take into account the total cross sectional diameter of an entire capillary bed – which consists of lots of individual capillaries – making the total diameter much greater than the arteriole

23. So…
Blood travels very slowly in a capillary to allow for exchange of substances, also capillary walls are thin enough to allow for this

25. Lymphatic system

26. What is the role of each?

27. Respiratory system

28. Lungs

29. Lungs: internal

30. Inhaling and exhaling- again with the physics and chemistry

31. Boyle’s law and breathing
Volume and pressure are inversely proportional – mark this with arrows in your notes!
See the balloon model
ADAM

32. Partial pressures and the unloading and loading of respiratory gases
Gases (like all molecules) will move from an area of high partial pressure to lower partial pressure

34. Focus on Oxygen
Hemoglobin – found in RBCs

35. Oxygen
Hemoglobin (contains iron) and binds up to 4 molecules of oxygen
Affinity changes as oxygen molecules bind or release,
One oxygen attaching causes hemoglobin to have a greater affinity for even more oxygen – how?
An oxygen released causes hemoglobin to release even more

36. pH levels affect hemoglobin affinity for oxygen also
when CO2 levels are high, this causes blood pH to lower and a greater release of oxygen
CO2 + H2O --- HCO3- + H+

37. Oxygen Disassociation Curves

38. Oxygen Disassociation Curves

39. Carbon dioxide focus: tissue to blood
STEPS:

40. Carbon dioxide: blood to lungs
STEPS:

41. Explain this