1. Gr. 9 Soc. Studies Chapter 3: Canada’s people

2. Work Sample # 2
If you could live anywhere in Canada where would you choose to live?
What type of landforms (nature and human) exist in this area?
Why did you choose this area?

3. 3.1 – Canada’s Human Landscape
Population distribution: where people have chosen to live. Ex. Some choose to live near the ocean, forest, etc. (See fig. 3.2 pg. 43)
Where is most of Canada’s Population distributed?
Along the southern Canadian border
Archipelago Effect: A pocket of settlements (They resemble little islands throughout the forest, tundra, etc.)

4. Population Distribution

5. Population Distribution

6. Population Distribution
Population Density: a tool used by geographer to analyze how close together people live in a certain area. (The average number of people occupying an area)
To find the population density you divide the number of people by the size of the area.
Canada has about 3.1 people per square Km.
Netherlands has 400 people per square Km.
Does this mean that Canada’s population is small?
How can this calculation tool be misleading?

7. Population Distribution

8. Site and Situation Factors
The site is the actual location of a settlement on the earth and is composed of its physical characteristics
Situation
Situation is defined as the location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places

9. Site and Situation Factors
Site factors include:
Physical landscape
Fertile soil
Abundant trees
Plentiful fish
Presence of minerals
Situation factors include:
Economy
Trade
Markets
Transportation
Political

10. What site and situation factors promoted the establishment of St
What site and situation factors promoted the establishment of St. John’s?
Site:
Situation:

11. Settlement Patterns
European settlers were attracted by site and situation factors to the same areas that had attracted the First Nations before them.
Many First Nations were forced to relocate (move to another area) by the Europeans. (NL, NB, PEI, NS etc)
The Seigneurial System was a system used in France which involved long, narrow lots facing rivers. (QB)

12. Settlement Patterns

13. Settlement Patterns
The Township System consists of square blocks of land (approx 100 acres). (Used mostly in Ontario)
Sections were used in the prairies which consisted of 640 acres divided into quarter sections. (AB, MB, SK)

14. 3.2 - Growth and Decline of Settlements
1800’s Great Lakes Area was prime spot due to fertile land and favourable site and situation factors. This is how Montreal, Toronto and Hamilton developed.
Atlantic Canada and West Coast (BC) promoted fishing, lumbering, and shipbuilding. That’s why we have port cities like St. John’s, Halifax and Saint John.
See pg. 49 – Fig. 3.9 – Halifax’s growth over time.

15. Urban Vs Rural Activity
You will be provided with a piece of large paper and your topic (Centreville/Gander/St. Johns).
In 3 groups of 3 you are to brainstorm and write down all of the amenities available to you in your chosen area. This can include Schools, extracurricular activities, shopping centers, sporting facilities, hospitals, etc.
When you are done, you will display your findings on the wall for other group members to see.

16. Growth and Decline of Settlements
In 1881 ¾ Canadians lived in rural areas (Outside of towns or cities, example – Musgrave Harbour)
After the industrial revolution (1900’s) more and more people moved to urban areas (towns with 1000 or more people/cities, example – Gander)
The movement of people from rural to urban is called: rural to urban drift. Sometimes this can occur between provinces. For example, Ontario was once the hot spot for skilled trades jobs, now it is …..?

17. Growth and Decline of Settlements

18. Fort McMurray Census History Year Population 1951 926 1961 1,186 1971
6,847
1981
31,000
1991
34,706
2001
38,667
2006
47,705
2010
76,797
Fur Trade in 1700’s
Oil was noticed in late 1800’s
Some cities/towns in Canada have become “Ghost Towns” after the resources were depleted. Do you think Fort Mac will be one?

19. Alberta Oil Sands- Rick Mercer Report http://www. youtube. com/watch

20. Global Perspectives: Mega Cities
Mega Cities: massive urban areas that are so large that city life becomes difficult to sustain.
Sao Paulo
Shanghai
Mexico City
Mumbai (Once called BomBay)
People face:
Poverty
Poor water and air quality
Traffic congestion
Inadequate services (electricity, water, sewage, etc)

21. Global Perspectives: Mega Cities
om/watch?v=- 8waJqyvORY (Mumbai)
om/watch?v=DUl6uy6 eIDc&feature=related (Sao Paulo)

22. 3.3 - Canada: A Regional Perspective
This means breaking a whole into parts
Characteristics of regions can be broken down into:
Location (Atlantic vs. Prairies region)
Physical and cultural characteristics (Canadian Shield vs. St. Lawrence Lowlands)
Political perspective (Atlantic Canada and New England sharing a common landscape but different political boundaries)
Hierarchy (Regions containing smaller regions like Newfoundland with the Avalon Peninsula or Port au Port Peninsula)

23. Canada’s Political Regions

24. Canada’s Political Regions

25. See table 3.12 (p. 54)
This table summarizes Canada based upon factors such as location, physical/cultural attributes, political perspective, hierarchy.
Very Important to have a general idea!!!!

26. Core and Periphery
The core is the nucleus of a geographic region. It is the most developed area, greatest wealth, and highest population density. Example: St. John’s
The periphery is all other areas outside the core. Sometimes referred to as “hinterland”. Example: CBS, Mt. Pearl, Paradise, Torbay

27. Refer to table 3.14 p. 56
What is the main function of the following areas?
Toronto? – Business Services
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo? - Manufacturing
St. John’s? – Government & Healthcare
Victoria? - Government
Saskatoon? – Energy & Agriculture
Calgary? - Energy

28. 3.4 - Regional Identities
Historical and cultural legacies influence the identity of an area. For example, the timber trade of the 1800’s in northern NB, QB, and Ont. Promoted the image of the lumberjack once thought of as a man with a plaid jacket and toque, now there is modern equipment
Log Drivers Waltz ( A NL Spin)

29. Past Present

30. 3.4 - Regional Identities
Log Drivers Waltz ( A NL Spin)

31. Regional Identities
Sometimes regional identities can create stereotypes. Stereotypes can be inaccurate, reflect narrow or biased views, and promote political and cultural strife (awkwardness).

32. Regional Identities
Use the chart provided by your teacher to describe the stereotypes for:
Fisherman
Loggers
Newfoundlanders
Main Landers
Townies
Groups
Stereotypes
Fisherman
Loggers
Newfoundlanders
Main Landers
Townies