1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY
INTRODUCTION TO
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.
17.November.2014 Tuesday

2. Digestion mostly occurs in the stomach and duodenum.
.INTRODUCTION
Food passes
from the mouth and pharynx esophagus stomach
mixes with gastric secretions.
Digestion mostly occurs in the stomach and duodenum.

3. mixing the masticated (chewed) food mass with gastric juices
Peristalsis
a series of ring-like contraction waves
moves slowly toward the pylorus
responsible for
mixing the masticated (chewed) food mass with gastric juices
emptying the contents of the stomach into the duodenum.

4. Absorption of chemical compounds occurs principally
in the small intestine
a coiled 5- to 6-m-long tube
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

5. Peristalsis also occurs in the jejunum and ileum.
is not forceful unless an obstruction is present.
Stomach continuous with
duodenum
receives the openings of the ducts from
pancreas & liver major glands of the digestive tract.

6. Cecum receives the terminal part of the ileum Appendix
Large intestine
Cecum receives the terminal part of the ileum
Appendix
Colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid)
Rectum
Anal canal
Most reabsorption of water occurs
in the ascending colon.
Feces form
in the descending and sigmoid colon
accumulate in the rectum before defecation.

7. 2. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL & NECK REGIONS
Oral cavity
inferior to the nasal cavities.
has a roof and floor, and lateral walls.
opens onto the face through the oral fissure.
continuous with the cavity of the oropharyngeal isthmus.

8. Bones contribute to the skeletal framework of the oral cavity
2. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL REGION
Bones contribute to the skeletal framework of the oral cavity
paired
Maxillae
Palatine bone
Temporal bones
unpaired
Mandible
Sphenoid
Hyoid bone

9. related to the attachment of muscles of the soft palate.
2. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL REGION
cartilaginous parts of the pharyngotympanic tubes on the inferior aspect of the base of the skull
related to the attachment of muscles of the soft palate.

10. 2. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL REGION
The styloid process and inferior aspect of the petrous part of the temporal bone provide attachment for muscles associated with the tongue and soft palate, respectively.

11. Mandible bone of the lower jaw.
2. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE ORAL REGION
Mandible
bone of the lower jaw.
a body of right and left parts, fused anteriorly in the midline and two rami.
The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone in the neck between the larynx and the mandible.

12. a tube providing continuity from the head to the trunk
2. NECK
a tube providing continuity from the head to the trunk
extends
anteriorly
lower border of the mandible upper surface of the manubrium of sternum
posteriorly
superior nuchal line on occipital bone intervertebral disc between the CVII & TI.

13. a roughly cylindrical chamber
3. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF ABDOMINAL REGION
Abdomen
a roughly cylindrical chamber
inferior margin of the thorax
superior margin of the pelvis and the lower limb.

14. Sup. opening of the abdomen: inferior thoracic aperture
3. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF ABDOMINAL REGION
Sup. opening of the abdomen:
inferior thoracic aperture
closed by the diaphragm.
Inferiorly, the deep abdominal wall is continuous with the pelvic wall at the pelvic inlet.
Superficially, the inferior limit of the abdominal wall is the superior margin of the lower limb.

15. generally considered part of the abdomen
4. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIC REGION
Pelvis is divided into two regions:
False pelvis (Greater pelvis)
superior region related to upper parts of the pelvic bones& lower lumbar vertebrae
generally considered part of the abdomen
True pelvis (Lesser pelvis)
related to the inferior parts of the pelvic bones, sacrum, and coccyx
has an inlet and an outlet.

16. 4. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIC REGION
The bowl-shaped pelvic cavity enclosed by the true pelvis consists of the pelvic inlet, walls, and floor.
continuous superiorly with
abdominal cavity
contains elements of the urinary, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems.

17. 4. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIC REGION
Pelvic inlet
somewhat heart shaped
completely ringed by bone.
Posteriorly, the inlet is bordered by the body of vertebra SI.
pelvic outlet
diamond-shaped
formed by both bone and ligaments.
limited anteriorly in the midline
by pubic symphysis.

18. 4. SKELATAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIC REGION
The bones of the pelvis
right and left pelvic (hip) bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

19. 5. ABDOMINAL REGIONS
Visualization of the position of abdominal viscera is fundamental to a physical examination.
Some of these viscera or their parts can be felt by palpating through the abdominal wall.
Topographical divisions of the abdomen are used to describe the location of abdominal organs and the pain associated with abdominal problems.

20. FOUR-QUADRANT PATTERN
A horizontal transumbilical plane
passing through the umbilicus
&
intervertebral disc between vertebrae LIII and LIV
intersecting with the vertical median plane
right upper
left upper
right lower
left lower quadrants

21. Superior horizonal plane (Subcostal plane)
NINE-REGION PATTERN
2 horizontal PLANES
Superior horizonal plane (Subcostal plane)
immediately inferior to the costal margins,
at the lower border of the costal cartilage of rib X
passes posteriorly through the body of vertebra LIII.

22. Inferior horizonal plane (Intertubercular plane)
NINE-REGION PATTERN
2 horizontal PLANES
Inferior horizonal plane (Intertubercular plane)
connects the tubercles of the iliac crests
palpable structures 5 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spines
passes through the upper part of the body of vertebra LV.

23. Inferior horizonal plane (Intertubercular plane)
NINE-REGION PATTERN
2 horizontal PLANES
Inferior horizonal plane (Intertubercular plane)
connects the tubercles of the iliac crests
palpable structures 5 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spines
passes through the upper part of the body of vertebra LV.

24. anterior superior iliac spine
NINE-REGION PATTERN
2 VERTICAL PLANES
pass from the midpoint of the clavicles inferiorly to a point
midway between
anterior superior iliac spine
&
pubic symphysis

25. Superiorly Inferiorly In the middle right hypochondrium
NINE-REGION PATTERN
Superiorly
right hypochondrium
epigastric region
left hypochondrium
Inferiorly
right groin (inguinal region)
pubic region
left groin (inguinal region)
In the middle
right flank (lateral region)
umbilical region
left flank (lateral region)