1. Notes:

2. Elements: consist of only one type of particle
can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen)
cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical techniques (though some larger elements break-down spontaneously due to being radioactive)

3. Compounds:
single particles made from two or more different elements that have bonded together chemically
can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means; but not by physical means.
always contains the same ratio of component atoms.
have properties different from their component elements
(e.g. the compound water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature and pressure and has different chemical properties from those of the two elements, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2), from which it is formed).

4. Mixtures:
consist of two or more different types of element and/or compound particles physically intermingled
can be separated into their constituent parts by physical means
have many of the properties of their constituent parts

5. DONE

6. Filtration: Separation Technique 1: How It Works:
A porous barrier (filter paper) is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
The smaller, liquid particles are able to move through the barrier, but the larger solid particles are not.
Example: Sand and Water

7. Distillation: Separation Technique 2: How It Works:
A mixture of two liquids with different boiling points is heated.
The liquid with the lower boiling point will turn into a gas while the other substance remains a liquid.
The gas rises and then is cooled and condensed back into a liquid state in a different container.
Example: Water and Ethanol

8. Chromatography: Separation Technique 3: How It Works:
separates the "mobile phase" of a mixture based on its ability to travel across the surface of another material (stationary phase).
Example: pigments in ink
This is why ink "bleeds" on paper when it gets wet.

9. Using a Magnet: Separation Technique 4: How It Works:
separates substances with magnetic properties from substances that are not magnetic.
Example:
sulfur powder and iron filings

10. Crystallization: Separation Technique 5: How It Works:
results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance that had been dissolved
Example:
water and sugar (rock candy)