1. MIS BBA & MBA Lecture 456 How Organization Use IS
(Systems from Hierarchical & Functional Perspective and for Collaboration)
Course Lecturer: Farhan Mir

2. Transformation of Organizations
Flattening (Need for Agility)
Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches)
Flexibility
Location Independence (Globalization Pressures)
Low Transaction Cost
Empowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly)
Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging)
Overall Performance (Effectiveness)
Competitive Advantage

3. Business Processes and Information Systems
Manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or service
Concrete work flows of material, information, and knowledge—sets of activities
Unique ways to coordinate work, information, and knowledge
Ways in which management chooses to coordinate work
How information technology enhances business processes: efficiency and transformation

4. Business Processes – Example of Order Processing

5. Major Types of Systems – Systems from Hierarchical Perspective
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) (KMS)
Office Automation Systems (OAS)
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

7. Different Kinds of Systems
Operational-Level Systems
Support operational managers by keeping track of elementary organizational activities and transactions
Systems answer routine questions and track the flow of transactions through the organization
i.e. – systems to record bank deposits
Or track the number of hrs worked each day

8. Transaction Processing Systems

9. TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Example in a University like us
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:
Admissions, grade records, course records
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
Registration system, student transcript system, curriculum class control system

10. Another Example (A Payroll System)
Hours worked
Payroll transaction processing
Payroll checks
Pay rate

11. A Symbolic Representation for a Payroll TPS

12. What happens to TPS data?
Managers need sophisticated reports to help them understand and analyze data.
created by a management information system
Management information system can be a synonym for the term “information system” or refer to a type of information system.
characterized by production of routine reports that managers use for structured and routine tasks

13. MIS
MIS is short for management information system or management information services, and pronounced as separate letters
MIS refers to a class of software that provides managers with tools for organizing and evaluating their department. Typically, MIS systems were written in COBOL and run on mainframes or minicomputers.
Within companies and large organizations, the department responsible for computer systems is sometimes called the MIS department. Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).

14. MIS (The Central Systems)
Marketing management
information
system
Manufacturing
management
Information
system
Common
databases
Financial
management
Information
system
Order
management
information
system
TPS

15. Office Automation
An office automation system “automates” or computerizes, routine office tasks.
word processing software
spreadsheet software
scheduling software
software

16. Can decisions be automated?
Information systems do not make decisions. The manager analyzes the data and reaches a decision.
An expert system, sometimes referred to as a “knowledge-based system”, is a computer system designed to analyze data and produce a recommendation or decision.
uses a set of facts or rules

17. A Model of ESS

18. Why Information Systems
Institute of Management Sciences
(A Mini Case)

19. Institute of Management Sciences
Current status is that
Number of Courses (Degrees) Increasing
Number of Students & Staff logically increasing too
Number of Admissions increasing
Number of Exams and Results Increasing
Other Pressures!!
HECS looking for standardization (Course Curriculums, Course Plans, Monitoring, Research at University (resources for researchers)
Public want information
Key Stakeholders (Administration, Employees, Instructors and students) need convenience

20. Institute of Management Sciences
All major processes are information based
Clear need for systematic approach (Here comes the role of Information Systems)
And we are on our way towards that (Admission system, Exam system, Monitoring system, Website)

21. Transformation of Organizations
Flattening (Need for Agility)
Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches)
Flexibility
Location Independence (Globalization Pressures)
Low Transaction Cost
Empowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly)
Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging)
Overall Performance (Effectiveness)
Competitive Advantage

22. Systems from a Functional Perspective
IS can be classified by the specific organizational function they serve as well as by organizational level as follows:
Sales and marketing systems
Manufacturing and production systems
Finance and accounting systems
Human resources systems

23. Typical Applications - MIS with TPS

24. An Inventory System

25. Examples of Finance & Accounting IS

26. Examples of Human Resources IS

27. An Employee Record Keeping System

28. Enterprise Wide Software (Need for Collaboration) Case of Integrated Supply Chain Management (ERPs)

32. Collaboration & Communication Systems

33. The Future of IS
Web 2.0
The second-generation of Internet-based services that let people collaborate and share information online in perceived new ways—such as social networking sites, wikis, and communication tools

34. Social and Business Networks
Social Networks
Web sites that connect people with specified interests by providing free services such as photo presentation, , blogging, etc.
Business-oriented networks are social networks whose primary objective is to facilitate business

35. Organizing the IT/IS Function
INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT
Information System Specialists:
CIO Managers System Analysts System Developers Programmers Network Specialists Database Administrator
Clerical (Operators)
IT Infrastructure:
Hardware
Software
Data
Networks

36. IS Personnel Operators System Analysts Programmers
Data Entry
Computer Operators (Hardware Specialists)
System Analysts
Most Crucial IS job
Whether you are developing In-house or using a purchased application or Outsourcing
Programmers
Technical People (Technical construction of the IS)
Developers
Database Administrators
CIO
Other roles are also coming in organizations (IS Security Officers, Information Policy Makers, Webmasters)

37. IS Planning/ IT Governance
Technology
New/Hottest Technology (Costly) or
Older/ Traditional Technology (Cheap) or
Combination of both strategies
Professionals
Training Vs. Hiring
Cost the key issue
Issues & Recommendations
Reliability in traditional technologies Vs. benefits with new ones (New cycles of training & update required to keep up with pace and to avoid failures associated with new technologies)
In-depth Analysis the way to avoid failures
Project Management a systematic way

38. References
Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). “Management Information Systems: Action & Strategy”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 2 & 4
James O’Brien. (1998). “Introduction to Information Systems: A Networked Enterprise Perspective”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 10,12
Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon (2011). “Management Information Systems: Managing a Digital Firm”.(7th Ed). Chapter 3
Grover S. Kearns (1997). Alignment of Information Systems Plans with Business Plans: (