1. Louisiana Purchase 1803

2. Background From the Mississippi River to the
Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of
Mexico to the Canadian border, France controlled a vast tract of land called Louisiana territory.
In 1802 – France would not allow the Americans to use the port of New Orleans
Many Americans wanted access for trade of its agricultural products through the Gulf of Mexico 2

3. Jefferson’s Solution
A pacifist, Jefferson did not want a war with France
He sent James Monroe to Paris to join Robert Livingston to purchase New Orleans for at most $10 million but they were dumbfounded when Napoleon offered the whole territory for $15 million. 
If these proposals failed the situation would become critical. Monroe and Livingston were then to negotiate an alliance with Britain. Jefferson was forced to gamble against his hate of war and alliances. He was forced to make a friend with old foe Britain against France his old friend to secure new Orleans. 3

4. The Deal of the Century
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States, 828,000 mi2 were added at approximately 3 cents per acre.
The U.S. gained control of the port of New Orleans.
It was one of the largest land sales in the history of the United States.

5. Lewis and Clark Expedition
Thomas Jefferson asked Meriwether Lewis to lead an expedition to learn all he could about the new land.
Lewis asked his friend William Clark to assist him with the expedition.
Sacagawea, a fifteen year old native American, agreed to travel with Lewis and Clark and serve as a translator.

6. Exploring the New Territory

7. Results of the Expedition
Lewis and Clark traveled from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean, and returned in 1806.
The expedition lasted almost 3 years.
They brought back maps showing the major rivers and mountains, seeds, plants, and even living animals.
But the new territory also led to the debate regarding slavery in the territory

9. Philippines – Spanish American War 1898
The Philippines

10. The Causes of the Spanish American War
U.S. assisted Cuba in their fight for independence
U.S. used the Monroe Doctrine to justify involvement.
Sinking of the Maine
Yellow Journalism
De Lôme Letter

11. Sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor
USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor,
Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault
1976 US Navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN

12. Yellow Journalism
The declaration of war delighted American newspapers, and they scrambled for the most sensational headlines.

13. “Yellow Journalism”
“You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war William Randolph Hearst

14. De Lôme Letter
Spanish ambassador to the US wrote to a friend and called President McKinley “weak” in the letter. It was intercepted and appeared on the front page of Hearst’s New York Journal

15. Philippines Became an American Colony
Annexation of the Philippines – McKinley said “must take them all and educate the Filipinos and uplift and Christianize them”
Philippines was annexed by U.S. in 1899
Philippine-American War – Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippines independent in January 1899 and an armed conflict began almost immediately

16. The Cost of the Philippine- American War
“20,000 to 1,400,000 Filipinos died in the war
$400 million = 20 times what the US paid for the islands
Anti-Americanism
Growing Racism
New Resources to US
Geographically: greater
presence in Asia