1. The Spanish-American War
Unit 2: The Beginning of Modern America
Chapter 5: America as a World Power

2. Class Activity Read: Chapter 5: America as a World Power
Section 2: The Spanish American War
Complete:
Reading Assessment

3. “Spanish-American War”
Homework
Study Guide:
“Spanish-American War”

4. Lesson Objective Why did the United States go to war against Spain?
What territories were gained in this conflict?

5. Chapter 5 Section 2 Vocabulary Builder
Do Now Activity
Chapter 5 Section 2 Vocabulary Builder

6. Rebellion Against Spain
: Cuba and Spain engage in the Ten Year’s War.
The Revolution fails.
1895: The war for Cuban independence begins again.
Jose Marti: The leader and spokesman for the Cuban Revolution. Inspired Cubans to fight against the Spanish through his writings and speeches.
On May 19, 1895 Marti was killed in a minor battle.
A New Style of War: Guerrilla war.
Burning of the sugar cane fields.

7. Yellow Journalism
The Cuban cause was taken up by the press in the United States.
Newspapers wrote about the alleged atrocities taking place against the Cuban rebels.
William Randolph Hearst owner of the NY Journal and Joseph Pulitzer owner of the World printed stories that described and often exaggerated news about Spanish cruelty.
This sensational style of writing was known as yellow journalism, named after a comic strip.

8. Yellow Journalism: Cartoonist Leon Barritt makes fun of newspaper publishers Joseph Pulitzer (left) and William Randolph Hearst calling for war in this 1898 cartoon.

9. Cuba for the Cubans or Cuba for the Americans.
A political cartoon insinuates ulterior motives behind the United States interest in seeing Cuba become independent---business investments on the island were estimated at 50 million dollars, and trade with Cuban ports was valued at 100 million dollars yearly.

10. The United States Goes to War
1898: President Mckinley sent the USS Maine to Cuba.
Battleship was sent to protect U.S. citizens.
Feb. 1898: The USS Maine exploded. 260 soldiers died.
Americans blame Spain.
The Spanish-American War begins in April of 1898.

11. The USS Maine entering Havana Harbor passing el Morro Castle

12. A photo of the aftermath.
The USS Maine is destroyed by an explosion in Havana Harbor, Cuba on February 15, 1898.
A photo of the aftermath.

13. The War in the Philippines
The first major battle of the
Spanish-American War did not
take place in Cuba but on the
Philippine Islands. Like the
Cubans, the Filipinos
as the inhabitants of the islands
were called, rebelled in the
1890’s against Spain.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of Filipino rebel forces.

14. Commodore Dewey On May 1, 1898 Commodore George Dewey entered Manilla
Bay and destroyed the
Spanish fleet. Aided by
Filipino rebels they were
able to take over Manila,
the capital.

15. Rough Riders In May of 1898, about 17,000 American soldiers
landed in Cuba – nearly a quarter of them African-
American. Heavy fighting between American, Cuban
and Spanish soldiers soon followed.
Theodore Roosevelt soon joined the fighting in
Cuba leading a group of soldiers known as the
Rough Riders.
On July 3, 1898 with the defeat of the Spanish fleet,
Spanish resistance on the island ended.

16. Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders. July 1, 1898

17. The Storming of San Juan Hill
After the capture of San Juan Hill, the U.S. destroys the Spanish naval fleet. The war is over.

18. Puerto Rico On July 25, 1898 the United States invaded Puerto Rico.
At the time Puerto Rico was a small island of nearly 1 million people. It was a country of small farms and most lived in poverty.
1897: Puerto Rico was granted autonomy by Spain. A great degree of self rule.
Most Puerto Ricans welcomed the US. thinking life would improve and they would gain their independence.
A military government is quickly established ending all hopes of independence.

19. “A Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War lasted less than
four months and about 400 soldiers died in
battle or from war wounds.
For many the war was not that “splendid”.
More than 2,000 soldiers died from tropical
diseases. African-American soldiers faced
severe prejudice and discrimination. Blacks
fought in segregated units with the Cuban
rebels.

20. Territories Acquired by the U.S.
On December 10, 1898, the United
States and Spain signed the Treaty of
Paris. This marked the official end of
the war. According to the agreement
the Spanish empire was dissolved.

21. Territories Acquired by the U.S.
I. Cuba became an American protectorate –
country that is technically independent but
actually under the control of another country.

22. Territories Acquired by the U.S.
II. Puerto Rico & Guam became American
territories.

23. Territories Acquired by the U.S.
III. The Philippines were sold to the United
States for $20 million and became a territory of
the United States.

24. Cuban Protectorate
At the end of the war, many Americans debated over what to do about Cuba. Congressional leaders believed that Cubans were not ready for independence and business leaders feared political instability on the island would hurt American business.
Finally, in 1901, the United States granted Cuba full independence but their constitution had to include certain provisions.

25. Cuban Protectorate This was known as the Platt Amendment.
- prohibited Cuba from making treaties.
- gave America control of a naval base in Guatanamo Bay.
- U.S. has the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.

26. Puerto Rico military rule. In 1900, the United States
After the war, Puerto Rico remained under
military rule. In 1900, the United States
passed the Foraker Act which created a new
Puerto Rican government. In 1917, the Jones
Act made Puerto Rico an American territory
and Puerto Ricans became citizens.

27. What to do with the Philippines?
Fierce debate raged in the United States as to
what to do about the Philippines. The Anti-
Imperialists argued that control of the Philippines
contradicted American democratic values.
The Philippines remained under American
control until 1946 when it was granted its
independence.

28. Review Question the United States should have
In your opinion, do you think
the United States should have
taken Puerto Rico and the
Philippines? Why or why not?

29. “The Spanish American War and World Power”
Geography Activity
“The Spanish American War and World Power”