1. Section 1 Allies Turn the Tide
Chapter 15 World War II
Section 1
Allies Turn the Tide

2. Section focus
How did the Allies turn the tide against the Axis?

3. Strategy War begins bad for Allies British fight off Nazi invasion
US stops Japan at Coral Sea
Only positive signs for Allies

4. Axis Strategy No unified/coordinated strategy
No common goal only common enemy
Hitler wants all of Europe
Mussolini wants Southeast Euro to Africa
Japan wants control of Asia

5. Allied Strategy More shared and unified goals
Roosevelt/Churchill/Stalin consider Hitler most dangerous threat
Most resources and capabilities
Not worried about Japan /Italy long term
Allies agree on ultimate goal
“Europe First”
Defeat Hitler first, then focus on Japan

6. Turning Tide in Euro America’s 1st contribution vs. Axis
“arsenal for Democracy”
US industries makes millions of guns, tanks, etc
Keeps British and USSR troops supplied
Only problem is getting across Atlantic
German U-boats
Sink 3,500 merchant ships/kill 10,000’s allied sailors
Convoy system
Invention of radar
Depth charges sink U-boats aster than the can make’em

8. Turning Tide in Euro 1941 Hitler invades USSR Battle of Stalingrad
More “living space”
Oil fields in South
Stalingrad is key
Battle of Stalingrad
Bitter house by house conflict
Russian forces counter attack
Hitler refuses surrender
91k Germans taken prisoner……. 5k make it home
TURNING POINT OF WAR IN EURO
ENDS Hitler’s plan for Euro domination

9. Allies Drive Nazi’s out of Africa
Stalin wants Allies to open a second Front against Germans
Churchill+Roosevelt want more time to plan invasion across English Channel
Africa front requires less planning/supplies
Paves way for invasion of Italy
Dwight Eisenhower
Allied commander in North Africa
Realizes need for aggressive officers and troops

11. Allies Drive Nazi’s out of Africa
General George S. Patton
“Blood and Guts Patton”
“You usually will know where the front is by the sound of gunfire, and that’s the direction you should proceed. Now, suppose you lose a hand or an ear is shot off, or perhaps you lose a piece of your nose, and you think you should walk back to get first aid. If I see you, it will be the last …….walk you’ll ever take.”
British and US forces effect the surrender of 240K German and Italian forces.

12. Increasing the Pressure on Germany
Germany now on defensive
After Stalingrad and North Africa
Jan Churchill and Roosevelt meet to plan next move
Increase bombing of Germany
Now only accept “Unconditional Surrender”
No peace treaty will keep Hitler, Tojo, or Mussolini in power

13. Invasion of Sicily/Italy
Eisenhower eyes Italy from North Africa
Sicily is 2 miles from Italian mainland
Perfect staging area for Invasion of Italy
38 days of fighting gives US control of Mediterranean
Invasion of Italy difficult
Fighting is slow and fierce due to weather and geography

14. Bombers Batter Germany
Stalin demanding Allies open front in France
Feels he is fighting Hitler alone (Stalingrad)
Allies begin “saturation bombing”
Drop massive amounts of bombs to inflict as much damage as possible
“Strategic Bombing”
Bombing of political and industrial centers
Destroy ability to make war
Tuskegee Airman
African American fighter squadron
1500 missions not one plane lost
Bomb crews average 20% causalty rate

15. Turning tide in Pacific
“Europe first strategy does not mean ignoring Pacific
Japan continues to advance
US finally hits back at battle of Coral Sea
Triumph at Midway
Japan wants to completely destroy US Navy at Midway Island
Losing Midway would force US back to California
US Code Breakers had broken Jap code
knew Japs were coming
Most important Naval battle of the War
US sinks 4 Jap aircraft carriers
Ends Jap expansion
1st US offensive in the Pacific at Guadalcanal

17. Section Focus How did the Allies turn the tide against the Axis
In Europe, the Allies stopped German progress at Stalingrad, in the Atlantic, and in North Africa, and put Germany on the defensive. In the Pacific, the Americans defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Midway, putting Japan on the defensive.