1. What was the Atlantic Charter?
Bell Work
What was the Atlantic Charter?

2. Chapter 25: The United States in World War II

3. Section 1: Mobilization on the Home Front
Americans Join the War Effort
Selective Service
5 million volunteered.
10 million were drafted.
Expanding the Military
250K women served as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, pilots, etc.

4. A Production Miracle Industrial Response
Many domestic industries (cars, fabrics, etc.) switched to war production.
Labor’s Contribution
Women and minority workers filled the war industry jobs but were often paid less.

5. Mobilization of Scientists
In 1941, the OSRD (Office of Scientific
Research and Development) is created.
In 1939 German scientists split the atom
Albert Einstein writes a letter to FDR
explaining the danger of the German
achievement
Leads to the Manhattan Project . . .

6. Changes in Entertainment
60-100mil Americans went to the movies each week
war oriented propaganda movies
war hero movies
Bugs Bunny Nips The Nips - YouTube
As war went on, people tired of these
themes. Hollywood responded with
musicals, romances, and comedies.

7. Federal Government Takes Control
Office of Price Administration (OPA)
Froze prices on most goods to fight inflation.
Rationing
Fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military.

9. The internment of Japanese-Americans
Many Americans believed that Asian-Americans were part of Japan’s master plan to destroy the U.S.
On the west coast panic and prejudice combined to create an atmosphere of hysteria and hostility.
Newspapers ran ugly stories attacking Japanese Americans.
On Feb 19, 1942, FDR signed Executive order 9066

10. Executive Order 9066
The order authorized the Secretary of War and U.S. Armed Forces commanders to declare areas of the U.S. as military areas "from which any or all persons may be excluded.“ It did not name any nationality or ethnic group. Applied to one-third of the land area of the U.S. (mostly in the West) and was used against those with "Foreign Enemy Ancestry"

11. Japanese Internment Camps
FDR signs Executive Order 9066 in 1942.
122,000 people of Japanese descent are relocated from CA, WA, OR, AZ to 10 relocation sites (internment camps). 2/3rds of internees were American born.
Only 10 spies for Japan were ever convicted by the U.S., all were white.
Housed in barracks and had to use communal areas for washing, laundry, and eating. Some died of harsh conditions.
Released in January 1945.

12. Was the U.S. Government justified in its treatment of Japanese Americans?
5th Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

13. Japanese Internment Answer the following questions:
Was the United States Justified in its treatment of Japanese Americans? Why or Why not? (How does the 5th Amendment support/not support the governments actions.)
In what ways was the internment of American citizens with Japanese ancestry driven by racism and the way Japan went about declaring war.
Each answer should be at least one paragraph in length.

14. Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa
The U.S. and Britain join forces
War Plans
Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss their plans—the U.S. would attack Hitler first.

15. The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean
Stalingrad
The Germans are finally defeated.
Turning point in the war.
Soviet death toll: 1.1 million soldiers
North Africa
“Operation Torch”
Eisenhower, Patton, and Bradley vs. Rommel
Allies are victorious

16. America’s top generals
George Patton
Omar Bradley

17. Dwight D. Eisenhower

19. The Italian Campaign The need for a second front… Sicily falls.
Mussolini is forced to resign, but…
Italy does not fall until 1945.

20. The Allies Liberate Europe
D-Day
Eisenhower is Supreme Allied Commander.
Strike at Normandy, not Pais de Calais…
June 6, 1944.
Largest land-sea-air operation in army history.
156K troops, 600 ships, 11K planes…
Bombardment, paratroopers, beach landing…
Omaha Beach…
Allies landed 1 million troops, 567K tons of supplies, and 170K vehicles within a month.

22. The Allies Liberate Europe
Omar Bradley
Led air and land bombardment at St. Lo.
Allowed George Patton and his Third Army to advance.
Liberated Paris
By September 1944, the Allies had freed France, Belgium, and Luxembourg.

23. The Allies Liberate Europe
Battle of the Bulge
German troops advanced to create a bulge in the Allied lines.
Germans are defeated (lost 120K troops) and unable to launch another large scale campaign.
Liberation of the camps…

24. Unconditional Surrender
Hitler and his wife (Eva Braun) commit suicide during the Battle of Berlin.
Soviets are allowed to enter the city first…
V-E Day
May 8, 1945.
Victory in Europe Day.
Roosevelt’s Death
Died April 12, 1945.
Harry S. Truman becomes President.

25. Section 3: The War in the Pacific
Douglas MacArthur vows to return to the Philippines after the Japanese take over the islands
Doolittle’s Raid on Tokyo…
Battle of the Coral Sea
Americans and Australians fight the Japanese to a tactical draw
The Japanese were forced to
turn back

26. Battle of Midway Strategic island northwest of Hawaii.
Allies stopped Japanese.
Chester Nimitz - commander of American naval forces in the Pacific.
Turning point in the Pacific War.
“Island Hopping”…

27. American Japanese Guadalcanal 7000kia 31000 kia ‘42-43(6mos) 1000 pris
Tarawa kia kia
‘43(4days) pris.
Pelelieu 1800kia kia
‘44(42days) pris.
Saipan kia kia
’44(25days) pris
Iwo Jima 6821kia kia
’45(36days) pris
Okinawa kia kia
’45(51days) pris
Phillipines campaign 14000kia kia
‘44-’45 (10 months) pris

28. The Allies Go On the Offensive Japanese Defense Kamikaze (“divine wind”) suicide attacks with planes. Hell In The Pacific "kamikaze" - YouTube Iwo Jima Could act as a base for bombers to reach Japan. Heavily defended. 6,000 marines died.

29. Battle for Okinawa Allies invaded in April 1945.
Over Americans died.
110,000 Japanese died.

30. “ I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.”
- J. Robert Oppenheimer

31. The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
Manhattan Project
Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Hiroshima - military center
Bomb dropped on August 6, 1945.
Nagasaki – industrial center
Hiroshima Atomic Bomb, A Day That Shook The World [HD] - YouTube

32. Should we have dropped the bomb?
In groups of four read the arguments for or against dropping the bomb. Half of your group should read the “for,” the other half should read the “against.” Summarize the arguments on the provided form. Try to come to a group consensus and write down your decision and your defense for your argument.

33. Rebuilding Begins Yalta Conference February 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin met in Yalta.
Division of Germany into four zones.
Stalin would join the war in Japan.
Nuremberg Trials
24 surviving Nazi leaders put on trial.
12 were sentenced to death.
“I was only following orders” was not an acceptable defense.
WWII Nazi Trials and Executions - YouTube

34. Occupation of Japan
Occupied by the U.S. under General Douglas MacArthur.
War trials - Prime Minister Hideki Tojo executed.
Seven year occupation
Reshaped economy.
New constitution.

35. Section 4: The Impact of the War Opportunity and Adjustment
Economic Gains
Unemployment fell dramatically.
Wages rose.
Women in the work force…
Population Shifts…
GI Bill of Rights
Provided for education and training for veterans.