1. E G is in reference to the ____________ side of the humerus while
H is in reference to the ____________ side of the humerus. A
Draw the proper divisional planes of the human in the pictures to the left – sagittal, coronal, transverse.
A is _____________ to B.
B is _____________ to A.
C is referencing the ______________ side or meaning toward the ______________.
D is referencing the _____________ or meaning toward the ______________.
C is towards the ______________ side or meaning toward the ______________.
D is towards the _____________ or meaning toward the ______________. G H C D F E B
F is _______________ to E.
E is ________________ to F.

2. A B C D
D is _______________ to C.
C is ________________ to D.
Draw the proper divisional planes of the horse in the pictures above – sagittal, coronal, transverse.
A is _____________ to B.
B is _____________ to A.
A is referencing the ______________ side or meaning toward the ______________.
B is referencing the _____________ or meaning toward the ______________.

3. In humans:
Dorsal and Posterior are interchangeable for the most part. Both reference the back-side, or rear end. I use dorsal when referring to non-moving parts and posterior when referring to moving parts. The dorsal fin vs the posterior cruciate ligament. The tumor was found on the dorsal side of the kidney. The athlete has posterior pelvic tilt (PPT). Same goes for ventral and anterior but they are in reference to the front side, or belly side.
Medial and lateral are toward the sagittal plane away from the sagittal plane respectively. Or, toward the inside and toward the outside.
Proximal and distal are similar to medial and lateral but refer to parts or places on a limb. Example: The fracture occurred at the proximal head of the humerus. I would never say ‘The fracture occurred at the medial part of the humerus’, just as I wouldn’t call the medial collateral ligament the proximal collateral ligament.
Ipsilateral and Contraleteral are used less frequently, especially with “macro-” elements like bones and muscles. Ipsilateral is same side and contralateral is opposite sides of the body. Your arm and leg are ipsilateral, as are your liver and gall bladder. Whereas, your vocal and non-vocal processing areas of your brain are contralateral.
Superior and Inferior vs. Deep and Superficial – In the CAP, superior and inferior mean above and below. Pretty easy. The heart is superior to the colon, but inferior to the brain. Deep and superficial are toward the inside of the body and toward the surface. These are most often used when describing wounds. The cut was deep. The cut was superficial.
To check for total understanding, I will likely ask you to know/use these terms in non-human organisms.