1. India and Southeast Asia 1500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E

2. Chapter Objectives - Mauryan vs. Gupta Empires SPICE Charts
- Reasons for each Empires decline?
- Understand the rise of Hinduism & Buddhism
- Know early Indian Ocean Trade

3. Chapter VI Quote “I have enforced the law against killing certain animals and many others, but the greatest progress of righteousness among men comes from the exhortation in favor of non-injury to life and abstention from killing living beings.” Ashoka

4. Mr. Whitaker quote “DUDE! You just killed about a million people!
Lay off the BS about Love & Peace. Okay, you’ve changed your ways, you’re sitting around a campfire, smoking pot & singing Kumbaya – Got it!
DUDE! You just killed about a million people! ”

5. (Region 2)

6. Foundations of Indian Civilization 1500 B.C.E. – 300 C.E.
The Indian Subcontinent
Monsoon
Seasonal Winds
Sea Trade begins!
Ship developed: Dhow

7. Foundations of Indian Civilization 1500 B.C.E. – 300 C.E.
The Vedic Age 1500 to 500 B.C.E.
Aryans invaded India, conquered Dravidians
Vedas: Religious texts, recorded the interactions
Iron allowed migration to Ganges River valley; fertile soil & monsoon rains
Upanishads – Blended Religious texts of Aryan & Dravidian beliefs = Hinduism
Aryans used the Caste System to stay in power

8. The Vedic Age 1500 to 500 B.C.E.
Varna – Social Classes of India (Caste System)
Brahmin – Priests & Scholars
Kshatriya – Warriors & Officials
Vaishya – Merchants, Artisans, & Land Owners
Shudra – Peasants & Laborers
Untouchables – Leather Tanning, Waste Removal
Jati – birth groups; determined jobs, marriage, friends
Through Karma you moved between classes
The Goal was moksha - release from this world

10. Challenges to Old Order: Jainism & Buddhism
Not everyone accepted rigid Social Classes (Buddha)
Some moved into the forest & through meditation attempted to achieve Moksha
Jainists believed in ultra non-violence, & sometimes starved to death (Don’t step on Ants!)
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) created Buddhism
Four Noble Truths: (Hated the Caste System)
Life is suffering, it comes from desire, solution to suffering: curb desire, desire can be curbed by:
The Eightfold Path – The “Right” Views of life

11. The Evolution of Hinduism
Vedic religion became Hinduism in 4th Century C.E.
Brahma, Vishnu, & Shiva became main deities
Today 4 main sects of Hinduism w/different beliefs
Most believe gods are manifestations of Brahma (some believe Buddha was incarnation of Vishnu)
Through adherence to good Karma and reincarnation, one can achieve Moksha, release from this world

12. Imperial Expansion and Collapse
324 B.C.E. – 550 C.E.
Mauryan Empire, B.C.E.
India’s 1st centralized empire & largest for 1600 years
Ashoka was the 3rd & most notable ruler
Extended boundaries of the empire
After a bloody battle, he converted to Buddhism!
Posted his message of nonviolence & tolerance throughout empire on carved pillars & stones
Empire continued for 40 years after Ashoka’s death
Roads & towns created by the Mauryan Empire allowed India to remain prosperous without empire

13. The Gupta Empire C.E.
Smaller and less powerful than the Mauryan Empire
Local governors were allowed great autonomy
Mostly interested in Tribute of surrounding areas rather than conquest & control
First example of a “Theater-State”
(Acquired prestige & power by developing attractive cultural forms & staging elaborate public ceremonies)
Developed the concept of zero and “Arabic” numerals
Women were marginalized in India as well & lost nearly all rights to: father, husband, son
Women married at 6 or 7; sati - expectation of widows to die
with her husband on his funeral pyre

14. Map – p. 191

15. Southeast Asia, 50 C.E C.E.
Climate & resources enabled Southeast Asia to support large populations
Located on the Trade & Pilgrimage routes between China & India, Southeast Asia came under strong Hindu & Buddhist influence
Shrewd rulers used Indian knowledge & personnel to enhance their power & prestige
Funan rose to prominence between the 1st & 6th centuries C.E. by controlling trade route across the Malay Peninsula