1. Mary Kratz, MT(ASCP) Internet2 Health Science Project Manager
This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy.
16 July 2002

2. People on the Internet Millions of People
This chart shows the rapid rise in the number of people using the Internet. The projected figures are probably conservative.
Source: Nua Internet Surveys
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3. Yesterday’s Internet Thousands of users Remote login, file transfer
Interconnect mainframe computers
Applications capitalize on underlying technology
These are some important characteristics of the Internet during its pre-commercial development.
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4. Today’s Internet Millions of users
Web, , low-quality audio & video
Interconnect personal computers and servers
Applications adapt to underlying technology
Since commercialization in 1994, key characteristics of the Internet have changed: the size of the network and the capacity applications require support beyond the original design parameters of the underlying technologies.
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5. Tomorrow’s Internet Billions of users and devices
Convergence of today’s applications with multimedia (telephony, video-conference, HDTV)
Interconnect personal computers, servers, and embedded computers
New technologies enable unanticipated applications (and create new challenges)
Tomorrow’s Internet promises even more demands: many more users and even more demanding applications. New capabilities must be developed to realize the potential of tomorrow’s Internet.
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6. Why Internet2? The Internet was not designed for:
Millions of users
Congestion
Multimedia
Real time interaction
But, only the Internet can:
Accommodate explosive growth
Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration
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7. Today’s Internet Doesn’t
Provide reliable end-to-end performance
Encourage cooperation on new capabilities
Allow testing of new technologies
Support development of revolutionary applications
Today’s Internet has serious shortcomings. Some of them are performance or technically related, which limit the kinds of applications and capabilities the Internet can support. Other limitations affect the ability to innovate new capabilities that would address some of the performance and technical limitations.
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8. Why University Leadership?
The Internet came from the academic community
Stanford -- the Internet protocols
NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet
CERN -- the WWW protocols
University of Illinois -- the Web browser
Universities’ research and education mission require an advanced Internet and have demonstrated they can develop it
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9. Internet2 Mission
Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet.
Enable new generation of applications
Re-create leading edge R&E network capability
Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet
This is the Internet2 mission.
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10. Internet2 Universities 195 University Members, May 2002
This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus.
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11. Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
Engineering
Partnerships
Advanced Applications
These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on.
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12. Internet2 Network Infrastructure
Backbones operate at 2.4 Gbps (OC48) capacity today
GigaPoPs provide regional high-performance aggregation points
Local campus networks provide 100 Mbps to the desktop
This is a broad generalization of the Internet2 network infrastructure.
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13. Internet2 Backbone Networks
This is an illustration of the (currently) two Internet2 backbone networks, the vBNS developed by MCI Worldcom and the National Science Foundation and Abilene, developed by the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development, Qwest, Cisco and Indiana University.
Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, NCSA
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14. Abilene
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15. Abilene Network Logical Map
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16. Download of “The Matrix” DVD (Comparison of the Internet2 Land Speed Record)
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17. Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
Engineering
Partnerships
Advanced Applications
These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on.
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18. Middleware
A layer of software between the network and the applications
Authentication
Identification
Authorization
Directories
Security
Middleware is a layer of software between the network and applicaitons
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19. Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
Engineering
Partnerships
Advanced Applications
These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on.
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20. Engineering Working Groups
IPv6
Measurement
Multicast
Quality of Service
Routing
Security
Topology
These are some of the new network capabilities that advanced networks will need to implement and which the Internet2 community is working on.
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21. Internet Development Spiral
Commercialization
Privatization
Today’s Internet
This spiral represents one way of looking at the development of the Internet. As the Internet moved from a research project to a commercial service, a set of partnerships fostered its development. During this process, the Internet grew in a number of ways: size, complexity, bandwidth, etc. Internet2 is forming the partnerships needed for technologies in a second cycle of innovation make their way into the commercial Internet.
Internet2
Research and
Development
Partnerships
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Source: Ivan Moura Campos

22. Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
Engineering
Partnerships
Advanced Applications
These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on.
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23. Internet2 Partnerships
Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy
Industry
Government
International
Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2.
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24. Internet2 Corporate Partners
This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities.
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25. Additional Participation
Over 60 Internet2 Corporate Members
Over 30 Affiliate Members
Over 30 International Partners
There are also over a total of 70 corporate members (including corporate partners) in Internet2, and over 30 affiliate members.
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26. Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative
NGI
University-led
Federal agency-led
Developing education and research driven applications
Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications
Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure
Funding research testbeds and agency research networks
Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative.
Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications
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27. Technology Transfer Conduits
Collaborating on advanced applications
Deploying pre-commercial infrastructure and protocols
Establishing expertise and human capital
Large-scale proof of concept
A primary goal of Internet2 is to ensure the rapid adoption of new capabilities in the global Internet. Internet2 Corporate Partners play an important role in ensuring these technologies are broadly deployed. The Internet2 community provides a way for new capabilities to be tested. Many of the students at universities take the experience and expertise they gain through their university’s participation in Internet2 with them when they move into the commercial world.
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28. International Partnerships
Ensure global interoperability
of the next generation of Internet technologies and applications
Enable global collaboration
in research and education providing/promoting the development of an advanced networking environment internationally
Build effective partnerships
in other countries with organizations of similar goals/objectives and similar constituencies
Mechanism: Memoranda of Understanding
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29. International MoU Map Europe-Middle East Asia-Pacific Americas
ARNES (Slovenia)
BELNET (Belgium)
CARNET (Croatia)
CESnet (Czech Republic)
DANTE (Europe)
DFN-Verein (Germany)
GIP RENATER (France)
GRNET (Greece)
HEAnet (Ireland)
HUNGARNET (Hungary)
INFN-GARR (Italy)
Israel-IUCC (Israel)
NORDUnet (Nordic Countries)
POL-34 (Poland)
RCCN (Portugal)
RedIRIS (Spain)
RESTENA (Luxembourg)
Stichting SURF (Netherlands)
SWITCH (Switzerland)
TERENA (Europe)
JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom)
Asia-Pacific
AAIREP (Australia)
APAN (Asia-Pacific)
APAN-KR (Korea)
APRU (Asia-Pacific)
CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China)
JAIRC (Japan)
JUCC (Hong Kong)
NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand)
SingAREN (Singapore)
TAnet2 (Taiwan)
Americas
CANARIE (Canada)
CUDI (Mexico)
CRNET2 (Costa Rica)
REUNA (Chile)
RETINA (Argentina)
RNP2 (Brazil)
SENACYT (Panama)
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30. Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
Engineering
Advanced Applications
Partnerships
These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on.
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31. Advanced Application Attributes
Interactive collaboration and instruction
Real-time access to remote resources
Large-scale, multi-site computation
Distributed data storage and
data mining
Shared virtual reality
Dynamic data visualization
Any combination of the above
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32. Applications Domain Focus Areas
Health Sciences
Healthcare
Life Science
Arts and Humanities
“Science” and “Technology”
High Energy and Nuclear Physics Working Group
Astronomy
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33. “The value of a network goes up as the square of the number of users.”
Metcalf’s Law
“The value of a network goes up as the square of the number of users.”
Physical Network
People Networks
Connect you with technology resources
Research partnerships
Lessons learned from projects
Watch for trends
What Internet2 does not do
Run your project
Lay wires, write code, etc.
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34. Support of Community through Knowledge Sharing
Internet2 acts as a clearinghouse to help distribute information
Technical meetings
Virtual presentations
Development of demonstrations and tools
Cooperate on standards to maintain global interoperability
Technical Support
Software tools (monitoring, diagnostic)
Loaner hardware (Vbrick, Cakebox, Access Grid)
Access to expertise (working groups)
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35. Healthcare in the Information Age

36. The Scope of the Internet2 Health Science Workgroup
includes clinical practice,
medical and related biological
research, education, and
medical awareness
in the Public.
Enigma Machine and Bombe
Armed forces have always been dependent on communications. During World War II, the German Army and Navy tried to keep their communications secret by using encryption devices called Enigma machines. These sophisticated coding devices could generate over 1 trillion different coding patterns. The Germans believed they were too sophisticated for Allied forces to break them. But in one of the best-kept secrets of the war, first the Poles, and later the British and Americans succeeded in deciphering messages. The wooden device in the foreground is a 4 rotor German Enigma machine, used for encoding. The large machine in the background is a "Bombe," used for breaking the code. Working out the details of codebreaking machines was one of the developments that fostered electronic computers.
Smithsonian Photo by Laurie Minor-Penland.
16 July 2002

37. Internet2 Member Universities 195 University Members , May 2002
130 internet2 member universities have medical colleges (AAMC members)
Strong leadership teams
Health care
Life Sciences
Affiliate members
NIH
FDA
NIST
Hawaii
OHSU
UMich
UIC
NLM
Stanford
UCSD
Bradley
UMs
UTenn
TAMU
UAB
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38. Roadmap Networking Health: Prescriptions for the Internet
National Research Council Report
Current and future Internet
Released 24 February 2000
National Academy Press
ISBN
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39. Health Science Activities
Medical Middleware Working Group
MeduPerson
Security Working Group
HIPAA Guidelines
Authorization/Credentialling
Veterinary Medical Working Group
Virtual Grand Rounds
Collaborations
Visible Human Project Collaboratory
Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN)
International Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (SICOT)
Clinical Trials Research Network
Resource Centers for Minority Institutions (NCRR NIH)
Virtual Tumor Board
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40. Security and Privacy Guidelines Htttp://www.amc-hipaa.org
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41. Distributed Medical Informatics Education
Oregon Health & Science University and the University of Pittsburgh
Covers a broad range of fields including electronic medical records and information retrieval
Distance learning provides students with access to faculty, expertise, and other students
Medical informatics is a broad field spanning electronic medical records, telemedicine, information retrieval, image processing and analysis, bioinformatics, and evaluation methodologies. Using Internet2 high-speed networking and distance learning modalities, students in the informatics programs within Oregon Health & Science University and the University of Pittsburgh have access to a broader range of faculty, areas of subject expertise, and other students with whom to collaborate.
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42. Remote Instrumentation
Phillips XL30 Scanning Electron Microscope
Remote operation and Resource sharing
Now accessible to a larger audience
New teaching and learning techniques are possible
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43. Anatomy and Surgery Workbench and Local NGI Testbed Network
Stanford University
School of Medicine
Allows students to learn anatomy and practice surgery techniques using 3-D workstations
Network testbed evaluates the effectiveness of workbench applications
SUMMIT’s Next Generation Internet (NGI) testbed network within the Stanford School of Medicine evaluates the effectiveness of the Anatomy and Surgery Workbench applications. The testbed network links selected classrooms, labs, clinical departments, and the medical library using a high-speed gigabit Ethernet backbone. The new 3-D Learning Space and connected classrooms allow students to learn anatomy and basic surgical skills through the use of 3-D workstations, haptic (touch sensitive) devices, stereoscopic displays, distributed rich media databases, and application program servers. Both applications support synchronous collaboration through a shared virtual workspace and will use haptic feedback to augment the visual sense. This technology permits the definition of new curricular elements including the repeated dissection of anatomical structures, visual segmentation of raw data sets, creation of 3-D organ models, and the practice of fundamental surgical maneuvers. The capabilities of Internet2 high-performance networks and use of a distributed client-server system allow teachers and users to share online, image-rich data, and professional experiences.
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44. http://birn. ncrr. nih. gov/and http://www. nbirn
Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN)
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45. Molecular Interactive Collaborative Environment (MICE) http://mice
Real-time interactive 3D environment
Multiple users at different physical locations interact via the network
Collaboratively examine and manipulate a shared 3D macromolecule
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46. Virtual Tumor Board
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47. Virtual Laboratories
Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC)
University of Michigan
NSF
Here are pictures of various applications already in use:
1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research.
2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room
--These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet.
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48. Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago
Tele-immersion
Shared virtual reality
University of Illinois at Chicago Virtual Temporal Bone
This is a program that allows a doctor to share a 3-D image of a complex piece of anatomy (the inner ear) with students in a way that makes teaching the anatomy much easier. By making this interactive capability available over the network, a doctor can teach students remotely.
Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago
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49. Tele-cubicles and the CAVE
Tele-cubicles and CAVEs are different interfaces used for some advanced applications. Immersion in a virtual world, or interaction among people using these interfaces allows people to interact with applications in new ways. The requirements of network applications using these kinds of displays generally require advanced networking.
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Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

50. Unanticipated Innovation
Lesson of the Web
Network growth and value are non-linear
New technologies enable qualitatively different uses
Users become innovators
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51. Challenges to Health Sciences
"The medical research revolution is happening! 
90% of data collected today will never be seen by a human eye. 
This is everyone's problem.
We must manage a growing amount of data to secure knowledge for the future." - Michael Marron, NIH
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52. The BIG Picture  
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53. NCHS Goals Timeliness Provide content
Data acquisition
Data access
Provide content
Survey mechanism
Increase quality and completeness of data
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54. More Internet2 Information
On the Web
For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact directly by .
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