1. Population and Migration
Unit 2 Vocabulary
Population and Migration

2. Migration Vocabulary
Migration; form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location
Emigration; migration FROM a location
Immigration; migration TO a location
Net migration: the difference between the level of emigration and the level of immigration
Net in and net out migration
Assimilation: the process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture
Acculturation: when one group of people adopt the culture traits of another culture
Takes 3 years

3. Migration Vocabulary
Mobility; all types of movement from one location to another
Circulation: short term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that reoccur on a regular basis
Refugee; People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion
Chain Migration – the migration of people to a specific location, because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

4. Population Vocabulary
Epidemiology; Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
Epidemiologic transition; distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Pandemic; disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

5. Population Vocabulary
Enclosure Movement: consolidation of small farms into larger ones. Forced millions of people to emigrate from rural areas
Population projection-A prediction of future populations based on demographic data.
Population Distribution- Where people are living.
Cohort-A group

6. Population Vocabulary
Population Explosion-A rapid increase in an areas population.
Sustainability-Able to be maintained
Carrying Capacity-Maximum number of people and environment can support.
Fertility: the ability to produce life

7. Population Vocabulary
Agricultural revolution: the time when human beings 1st domesticated plants and animals and no longer had to rely on hunting and gathering
Industrial Revolution: a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Medical Revolution: medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries . Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives

8. Vocabulary Terms
Demography – the scientific study of population characteristic
Ecumene – the portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent settlement

9. 3 facts about population growth
More people are alive at this time – 61/2 billion – than at any other point in Earth’s History
The world’s population increased at a faster rate during the 20th century than ever before in history
All global population growth is concentrated in LDC’s

10. Where is the World’s population?
Population concentrations
How population is distributed – concentration and density
What regions have the biggest populations?
East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe
Which is the most Urban?

11. Overpopulation
the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
local scale – threat in some regions of the world but not in all of them. Some have a good balance between population and resources

12. Population Density Arithmetic Density
Total number of people divided by the total land area (population density)
Answers the “Where” question
Looking at the number of people per area of a certain type of land is the “Why” question
Physiological Density
The number of people supported by a unit of arable land
Arable – land suited for agriculture
The higher the physiological density the greater the pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food
Size of the population in relation to the availability of resources

13. Agricultural density
The ratio of the # of farmers to the amount of available land.
Helps to account for economic differences MDC’s have a lower agricultural density because technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas and feed many people

14. Key issue 2 Where has the World’s Population Increased?
Increase quickly in places where more people are born than die
Increase slowly in places where the number of births exceeds the number of deaths by only a small margin
Declines in places where deaths outnumbers births
Increases when people move in and decreases when people move out

15. Crude birth rate (CBR)
Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society
Example – a CBR of 20 means that for every 1,000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a 1 year period

16. Crude Death Rate (CDR)
Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

18. Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
% by which a population grows in a year excluding migration
NIR = CBR – CDR after converting the two measures from 1,000 to percentages (# per 100)
Example – is the CBR is 20 per 1,000 and the CDR is 5 per 1,000 then the NIR = 15 per 1,000 or 1.5% ( = 1.5)

19. How much a % is
If we multiply the NIR of 1.2% by the global population of 6.6 billion the result is an extra 80 million people per year
If it dropped by 1% it would still increase by 66 million people a year
If it increased by 2% the world population would increase to 132 million per year

20. Doubling Rate
The number of years it takes to double a population, assuming a constant rate of NIR
At a rate of 1.2% the world would double in 54 years
At this same rate, by 2100 the world’s population would be 24 billion
The NIR exceeds 2.0 in most countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East
Highest CBR is the same countries that have the highest NIR all are LDC’s

21. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a women will have throughout her child bearing years
Attempts to predict the future behavior of individual women in a world of rapid cultural change

22. What are some reasons MDC’s have a lower TFR then LDC?

23. Mortality
Infant Mortality rate (IMR) the annual # of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births
Usually per 1,000 births rather than as a %
Highest rates are in LDC’s, Lowest are in MDC’s
Comparable to Health Care

24. Life expectancy
Measures the amount of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels
More favorable in MDC’s

25. Population Pyramids
Usually shows the % of a total population in 5 year age groups, with the youngest group (0-4) at the bottom and the oldest at the top
The length of the bar represents the % of total population contained in that group.
Males on the left and females on the right
Shape is determined by the CBR in the community
If there is a high CBR the base is very broad
If there is a large number of older people, the graph has a wider top and looks more like a rectangle than a pyramid

28. Age Distribution
Dependency ratio: the # of people who are too young (0-14) or too old (65 and older) to work, compared with the # of people in their productive years.
Larger % = more financial burden
1/3 of people are under 15 years old in LDCs
Strain on work for hospitals , schools, daycares
Have to get jobs much sooner
1/6 of the population is under 15 in MDCs

29. Sex Ratio # of males per 100 females
Slightly more males then females CBR but also higher in CDR
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