1. Reproduction and Development
What is reproduction?

2. Anticipatory Set Please meet: Petero (from Uganda) and Kenadie!!!
What do they have in common??

3. Crouzon Syndrome genetic disorder, skull bones fuse, 1-25,000 are affected*

4.                                                                 
Meet Kenadie!
Kenadie 3yrs.old
Tyran 18mths.
Primodial
dwarfism

5. Chapter Vocabulary Chromatin Chromatid Chromosome Sister chromatids
Homologous pair
Diploid
Haploid
Autosome
Sex chromosome
Gene
Karyotype
Gamete
Zygote
Mutation
Somatic Cells

6. Reproduction To make more of its own kind:
A) asexual – 1 parent, identical offspring
B) sexual – 2 parents, NOT identical offspring

7. What is a chromosome? Contains genetic information
Made of genes which are made of DNA
Chr. genes  DNA
Let’s look at the structure: chromatid, centromere, double stranded chromosome

9. CHROMATIN thin uncoilded strands of DNA

12. CHROMATID each side of chromosome

13. What is the difference between chromatin and chromatid?
The chromatids are made of a substance called chromatin. This is a single, very long strand of DNA The chromatin is copied, so you now have 92 strands, that are each spiraled up to form the chromatids. The 2 copies of each chromatid are joined together by a centromere to form a chromosome.

14. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME the same shape and size carry genes for same traits

16. Karyotype What gender is this individual?

17. What can you tell me about this karyotype?

18. Mouse Karyotype

19. Diagnosis the individual…

20. DIPLOID cells with TWO sets of chromosomes (2n)

21. Haploid only ONE set of chromosomes (n)

22. Cell Cycle

23. Cell Cycle!

24. What is Mitosis?
Cell division by nuclear duplication (exact copy) and cytoplasmic division
Occurs through phases….

25. How to Remember the phases!
I______________
P______________
M_____________
A______________
T______________

26. What are the phases (stages) of mitosis?
Interphase: (not considered the first phase)
G1, S, G2
Resting stage
Chromosomes duplicate
Growth
Longest phase
Chromosomes not visible

27. Prophase Nuclear membrane begins to disappear Nucleolus disappears
Spindle fibers begin to
form
Chromosome visible
Under microscope!
Centrioles appear begin
migrating to opposite pole
-Asters radiate from centrioles &
attach to chromosomes

28. Metaphase Chromosomes line up in middle Spindle fibers attach
Centrioles on opposite ends (centrioles not present in plant Cell!

29. Anaphase Chromosomes separate Centromere duplicate
Spindle fibers shorten

30. Telophase Membrane begins to pinch in Cytoplasm divides
Daughter cells form (identical)
Reappearance of nuclear membrane, centrosome, etc.
Chromosomes not visible

31. When are chromosomes visible?
Chromosomes first become visible during prophase in mitosis, and they are fully visible during metaphase and anaphase. They lose their visibility during telophase and are not visible during cytokinesis

32. Cytokinesis Cytoplasm divides forming the cleavage furrow.
Plant cell forms cell plate only!

33. !

34. mitosis *

35. Under the microscope !

36. Plant cell mitosis
Identify the parts…

37. Difference in Plants
NO CENTRIOLES
FORMS CELL PLATE!!

38. Meiosis
What is meiosis?
Why do we need to learn about it??

39. Meisosis !

41. Mitosis and Meiosis

42. Spermatogenesis

43. Oogenesis

44. What are the different forms of asexual reproduction?
1. binary fission
2. budding
3. spore formation
4. regeneration
5. vegetative propagation

45. Binary Fission
Equal division
A) paramecium
B) ameba

46. Budding Unequal cytoplasmic division A) yeast B) hydra
Produces many buds
Also reproduces sexually

47. Budding

48. Sporulation Spore formation A) bread mold
Spores: released by parent, good condition the develop, protective wall to prevent drying of protoplasm
Hypha, mycelium (spores), rhizoids

49. Bread Mold

50. Bread Mold
YUM!!

51. Regeneration Growing back of missing parts A) starfish
B) planaria (flatworm
(we can’t regenerate due to “differentiated cells”)
ex: we can’t grow a finger back!

52. Starfish Regeneration
OUCH!

53. Vegetative Propagation
Type of regeneration in plants from roots, stems or leaves
A) Natural Vegetative Propagation
1. bulbs – onions, raddish (roots)
2. tubers – potatoes (stems)
3. runners – strawberries, ivy

54. Natural Vegetative Propagation*

55. Artificial Vegetative Propagation
1. cuttings
2. grafting