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Why do we classify things? copyright cmassengale

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1 Why do we classify things? copyright cmassengale
Classification Why do we classify things? copyright cmassengale

2 copyright cmassengale
Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived New organisms are still being found and identified copyright cmassengale

3 copyright cmassengale
Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities copyright cmassengale

4 copyright cmassengale
Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms copyright cmassengale

5 copyright cmassengale
We Classify because… We accurately name organisms We don’t want to call starfish and jellyfish…fish We use same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names copyright cmassengale

6 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists
copyright cmassengale

7 copyright cmassengale
Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today copyright cmassengale

8 copyright cmassengale
Linnaeus Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale

9 copyright cmassengale
Rules when naming… Genus species Latin or Greek Italicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin copyright cmassengale

10 Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale

11 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. copyright cmassengale

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Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Kingdom Monera Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles copyright cmassengale

15 copyright cmassengale
ARCHAEA Probably the 1st cells to evolve Live in HARSH environments Found in: Sewage Treatment Plants Thermal or Volcanic Vents Hot Springs or Geysers Very salty water copyright cmassengale

16 copyright cmassengale
BACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE Important decomposers for environment Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. copyright cmassengale

17 Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms…
Protista (protozoans, algae) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts ) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals) copyright cmassengale

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Taxons Most genera contain a number of similar species genus Homo only contains modern humans Classification is based on evolutionary relationships copyright cmassengale

20 Modern Taxonomy based on…
Homologous structures same structure, different function Similar embryo development Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins copyright cmassengale

21 Homologous Structures show similarities copyright cmassengale
in mammals copyright cmassengale

22 copyright cmassengale
Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics copyright cmassengale

23 copyright cmassengale
Dichotomous Key copyright cmassengale

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1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only.
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1 Classification. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that.
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